卷十三 权智

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陵州盐井,深五百余尺,皆石也。上下甚宽广,独中间稍狭,谓之杖鼓腰。旧自吉底用柏木为榦,上出井口,自木榦垂绠而下,方能至水。井侧设大车绞之。歳久,井榦摧败,屡欲新之,而井中阴气袭人,入者辄死,无缘措手。惟侯有雨入井,则阴气随雨而下,稍可施工,雨睛復止。后有人以一木盘,满中贮水,盘底为小窍,酾水一如雨点,设于井上,谓之雨盘,令水下终日不绝。如此数月,井榦为之一新,而陵井之利復旧。
陵州有一口盐井,深五百多尺,井壁都是石头。其上部和下部都很宽敞,唯独中间稍微狭窄,俗称“杖鼓腰”。以前从井底立柏木为井干,上出于井口,自木干垂汲绠而下,才能送汲器至井底取盐水,井旁设一大绞车把汲器绞上来。年深月久,井干折坏,屡次想换新的,而井中阴气袭人,下井的人往往会丧命,没有办法着手。只能等到有雨的时候下井,这时阴气随雨水下落,稍可以施工,雨过天晴就又停止。后来有人用一个大木盘满满地盛上水,盘底穿许多小孔,用它洒水一如雨点落下,置于井口上,叫作“雨盘”,使盘中的水终日洒个不停。这样几个月,井干又全部更新,而陵井盐又像从前一样获利。

世人以竹、木、牙、骨之类为叫子,置人喉中吹之,能作人言,谓之“颡叫子”。尝有病瘖者,为人所若,烦冤无以自言。听讼者试取叫子令颡之,作声如傀儡子。粗能辨其一二,其冤获申。此亦可记也。
人们用竹、木、牙、骨之类的材料做成哨子,放在喉咙里吹,能够模仿人讲话的声音,这种哨子就叫“嗓叫子”。曾有人得了哑症,被人坑害,烦恼与冤情没有办法自己说出来。负责审判的官员试着拿来“嗓叫子”让他放在喉咙里,这人发出来的声音就像傀儡戏演员模拟人物声音一般。约略可以听懂一些他要说的意思,他的冤情因此得以申雪。这件事情也是值得一记的。

宝元中,党项犯塞,时新募万胜军,未习战陈,遇寇多北。狄青为将,一日尽取万胜旗付虎冀军,使之出战。虏望其旗,易之,全军径趋,为虎翼所破,殆无遗类。又青在泾、原,尝以寡当众,度必以奇胜。预戒军中,尽舍弓弩,皆执短兵器。令军中:闻钲一声则止;再声则严阵而阳却;钲声止则大呼而突之。士卒皆如其教。才遇敌,未接战,遽声钲,士卒皆止;再声,皆却。虏人大笑,相谓曰:“孰谓狄天使勇?”时虏人谓青为“天使”钲声止,忽前突之,虏兵大乱,相蹂践死者,不可胜计也。
宝元年间,西夏进犯边塞,当时新招募的万胜军还不习于战阵,遇敌接战多败北。狄青为将,一日尽取万胜军的旗帜付与虎翼军,令虎翼军出战。敌人望见虎翼军的旗帜而轻视之,全部人马都直趋冲过去,结果为虎翼军所破,几乎全军覆没。又狄青在泾原路守边时,曾以少量人马遭遇大批敌兵,自思必须用奇计才能制胜。因此预先命令军中全部舍弃弓箭弩机,都只带短兵器。又令军中听到一声锣响就停止前进;听到锣声再响起来则严阵以待而佯装退却;锣声停止即返身大呼而突击敌人。士卒都听从他的部署。其军刚与敌人相遇,还没有接战,他就立即下令击锣,士卒都停了下来;锣声再次响起,士卒都退却。敌人大笑,相互说道:“谁说狄天使是勇武的将领?”当时敌人称狄青为“天使”。等到锣声停止,士卒忽然转身勇往直前,突入敌阵,敌兵顿时大乱,相互践踏而死者不可胜计。

王元泽数歳时,客有以一麞一鹿同笼以问雱:“何者是麞,何者是鹿?”雱实未识,良久对曰:“麞边者是鹿,鹿边者是麞。”客大奇之。
王元泽才几岁大的时候,有个宾客把一头獐子和一头鹿关到同一个笼子里,然后问王元泽:“哪个是獐子,哪个是鹿?”王元泽确实不认识这两种动物,过了好一会儿回答说:“獐子旁边的那个是鹿,鹿旁边的那个是獐子。”宾客觉得他的回答实在奇妙。

陕西因洪水下大石,塞山涧中,水遂横流为害。石之大有如屋者,人力不能去,州县患之。雷简夫为县令,乃使人各于石下穿一穴,度如石大,挽石人穴窖之,水患遂息也。
陕西因洪水冲下巨石,堵塞到山涧中,水遂横流而造成祸患。巨石有像房子那么大的,靠人力不能移走,州县都为此忧虑。雷简夫为县令,于是让人各在巨石下挖一坑穴,估计坑穴已像巨石那样大,就拉动巨石填入坑穴而窖起来,水患遂平息。

苏州至昆山县凡六十里,皆浅水,无陆途,民颇病涉。久欲为长堤,但苏州皆泽国,无处求土。嘉祐中,人有献计,就水中以蘧刍癗为墙,栽两行,相去三尺。去墙六丈又为一墙,亦如此。漉水中淤泥实蘧蒢中,候干,则以水车畎去两墙之间旧水。墙间六丈皆土,留其半以为堤脚,掘其半为渠,取土以为堤,每三四里则为一桥,以通南北之水。不日堤成,至今为利。
苏州到昆山县共有六十里,都是浅水洼而没有陆路,老百姓苦于涉水行走,早就想修筑二条长堤。可是苏州一带是低洼积水之地,没有地方可以取土。到了嘉祐年间,有人想出妙计,在水中用芦席、草把子扎成墙,栽成两行,中间相距三尺。在相距六丈的地方,也用同样的方法扎一道墙。捞起水中淤泥填到芦席草墙中,等泥干了,用水车把两墙之间的积水排掉,就露出了六丈宽的泥土。将这六丈土留一半作为修堤的基础,将另一半挖成水渠,挖出来的土正好用来筑堤。每隔三四里便造一座桥,用来沟通南北的水流。没有多久堤就修好了,直到今天,这些大堤还在给人们以行路之便。

陈述古密直知建州浦城县日,有人失物,捕得莫知的为盗者。述古乃绐之曰:“某庙有一钟,能辨盗,至灵!”使人迎置后閤祠之,引群囚立钟前,自陈不为盗者,摸之则无声;为盗者摸之则有声。述古自率同职,祷钟甚肃,祭讫,以帷帷之,乃阴使人以墨涂钟,良久,引囚逐一令引手入帷摸之,出乃验其手,皆有墨。唯有一囚无墨,讯之,遂承为盗。盖恐钟有声,不敢摸也。此亦古之法,出于小说。
枢密院直学士陈述古任建州浦城县令时,有人家中被盗,抓到了一些嫌疑人,但是不知道究竟谁是盗贼。陈述古就骗他们说:“某某庙里有一口钟,能够辨认盗贼,非常灵验。”他派人把那口钟抬到后室供奉起来,把那些嫌疑人带到钟前站好,对他们说:如果不是盗贼,摸了钟,钟不会响;如果是盗贼,摸了钟,钟就会响。陈述古亲自带领县衙的官员们十分严肃地向钟祈祷,祭祀结束以后,用布幔将钟围起来,又暗地里派人用黑墨涂抹钟壁。过了好一会儿,带来嫌疑人让他们逐一把手伸进帷幔里摸钟,出来以后便查验他们的手,发现众嫌疑人手上都有黑墨,只有一个嫌疑人手上没有。于是对这个嫌疑人进行审讯,他承认自己是盗贼,因为害怕钟会发出声音,所以不敢去摸它。这也是古代就已经有的方法,出自于小说的记载。

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