凉州词三首·其三

凉州词三首·其三朗读

凤林关里水东流,白草黄榆六十秋。
边将皆承主恩泽,无人解道取凉州。

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诗文归类:写景谴责边将
诗文主题:东流白草恩泽
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凉州词三首·其三译文及注释

凉州词三首·其三翻译及注释

翻译
流经凤林关的河水向东流去,白草、黄榆树已经生长了六十年。
边城的将士都承受主上的恩惠赏赐,却没有人知道去夺回凉州。

注释
(1)风林关:在唐代陇右道的河州(治所在今甘肃临夏)境内。位于黄河南岸。
(2)白草:北地所生之草,似莠而细,干熟时呈白色,为牛羊所喜食。
(3)黄榆:乔木名,树皮黄褐色。叶,果均可食。
(4)六十秋:从吐蕃全部占领陇右之地至作者写诗之时,已过去了六十年之久。
(5)恩泽:恩惠赏赐。
(6)凉州:唐陇右道属州,治所在今甘肃武威。代宗宝应、广德年间沦于吐蕃之手。此地以凉州泛指陇右失地。

凉州词三首·其三创作背景

  《凉州词》是乐府诗的名称,本为凉州一带的歌曲,唐代诗人多用此调作诗,描写西北边塞的风光和战事。安史之乱以后,吐蕃族趁虚大兴甲兵,东下牧马,占据了唐西北凉州(今甘肃永昌以东、天祝以西一带)等几十个州镇,从八世纪后期到九世纪中叶长达半个多世纪。诗人目睹这一现实,感慨万千,写了《凉州词三首》。

凉州词三首·其三赏析

  白居易在《西凉伎》中写道:“凉州陷来四十年,河陇侵将七千里。平时安西万里疆,今日边防在凤翔。缘边空屯十万卒,饱食温衣闲过日。遗民肠断在凉州,将卒相看无意收。”元稹的《西凉伎》也说:“一朝燕贼乱中国,河湟忽尽空遗丘。连城边将但高会,每说此曲能不羞?”一针见血地指出了凉州沦陷未收的原因,是守边将领的腐败无能。张籍的第三首诗正是表达这个思想主题,而诗的风格迥然有别。“凤林关里水东流,白草黄榆六十秋。”这两句写景,点明边城被吐蕃占领的时间之久,以及景象的荒凉萧瑟。“凤林关”,在今甘肃临夏市西北。安史之乱前,唐朝同吐蕃的交界处在凤林关以西,随着边城四镇的失守,凤林关亦已沦陷。在吐蕃异族野蛮掠夺、横暴奴役下,凤林关内,土地荒芜,无人耕种,岁岁年年只见寒水东流,白草丛生,黄榆遍地,一片萧条。这里,诗人既用“白草黄榆”从空间广度来写凤林关的荒凉,又用具体数字“六十秋”从时间深度来突出凤林关灾难的深重。“六十秋”这不是夸张而是写实,从公元762年(唐代宗初年)四镇失陷,到诗人公元824年写这首诗时,已是六十年还未收复。国土失陷如此之久,边民灾难如此之深,为什么没有收复?原因在哪里?由此诗人发出了深沉的感慨、愤激的谴责。

  “边将皆承主恩泽,无人解道取凉州。”前句写边将责任的重大。“皆承主恩泽”,说明了边将肩负着朝廷的重命、享受着国家的厚禄、担负着人民的重望,守卫边境、收复失地是他们的天职。然而六十年来失地仍在吐蕃的铁蹄下,这不是国政内虚、边力不足。后一句直指原因:守边的将领无人提起收复凉州。边将享受着国家优厚的待遇,却不去尽职守边、收复失地,可见其饱食终日、腐败无能。这两句一扬一抑,对比鲜明,有力地谴责了边将忘恩负义,长期失职,实在令人可憎可恨,可悲可叹。

  此诗的主旨落在最后一句,诗人不是从正面围绕主题来叙述,而是从侧面落笔,这是此诗的一个显著特色。一、二两句从空间和时间描写边城深重的灾难,看来似乎是控诉吐蕃的侵占罪恶,而联系最后一句“无人解道取凉州”来看,诗人的用意是在用现实来谴责边将,正是他们的失职而带来的长期失陷,边将已成了历史的罪人。第三句以鲜明的对照,严正谴责边将无才无德,面对失去的山河熟视无睹。这一景一情,从侧面有力地突现了卒句主旨的表达,义正辞严,酣畅淋漓。

凉州词三首·其三读音参考

liáng zhōu cí sān shǒu qí sān
凉州词三首·其三

fèng lín guān lǐ shuǐ dōng liú, bái cǎo huáng yú liù shí qiū.
凤林关里水东流,白草黄榆六十秋。
biān jiāng jiē chéng zhǔ ēn zé, wú rén jiě dào qǔ liáng zhōu.
边将皆承主恩泽,无人解道取凉州。

张籍

张籍(约767~约830),唐代诗人。字文昌,汉族,和州乌江(今安徽和县)人,郡望苏州吴(今江苏苏州)1 。先世移居和州,遂为和州乌江(今安徽和县乌江镇)人。世称“张水部”、“张司业”。张籍的乐府诗与王建齐名,并称“张王乐府”。著名诗篇有《塞下曲》《征妇怨》《采莲曲》《江南曲》。1 《张籍籍贯考辨》认为,韩愈所说的“吴郡张籍”乃谓其郡望,并引《新唐书·张籍传》、《唐诗纪事》、《舆地纪胜》等史传材料,驳苏州之说而定张籍为乌江人。...

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      1. #0 utf8 类