马嵬

马嵬朗读

莫唱当年长恨歌,人间亦自有银河。
石壕村里夫妻别,泪比长生殿上多。

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马嵬译文及注释

马嵬翻译

  用不到去歌唱当年皇帝妃子的悲欢离合;在人间也有银河,使得千千万万人家夫妻离散。像石壕村那样的夫妻决别数也数不清,老百姓的泪水比长生殿上洒的那点泪水多得多了。

马嵬鉴赏

  唐玄宗李隆基与贵妃杨玉环之间悲欢离合的故事,不知引发了多少文人墨客的诗情文思。白居易著名的《长恨歌》,在揭示唐玄宗宠幸杨贵妃而造成政治悲剧的同时,也表达了对二人爱情悲剧的同情。袁枚此诗却能不落俗套,另翻新意,将李、杨爱情悲剧放在民间百姓悲惨遭遇的背景下加以审视,强调广大民众的苦难远非帝妃可比。《长恨歌》和《石壕吏》是为人所熟知的著名诗篇,其创作背景均为安史之乱。它们一以帝王生活为题材,一以百姓遭遇为主旨,恰好构成鲜明的对照。

  《马嵬》是乾隆十七年(1752)袁枚赴陕西候补官缺,路过马嵬驿所作,共4首。袁枚与爱妾分别,远赴陕西,实属身不由己,联想到白居易《长恨歌》所写李杨情事,认为百姓的生离死别不胜枚举,李杨二人的生离死别并不值得同情。当年流传的而且又写入《长恨歌》中的关于唐玄宗和杨贵妃七喜相会的爱情故事,并不值得歌唱,因为人世间还有能拆散夫妻的“银河”不知有多少夫妻经受了生离死别的痛楚。像石壕村里那样儿子战死而媳妇守寡,老翁逾墙而老妪应征之类夫妻诀别的情景,比玄宗和贵妃的爱情悲剧更能催人泪下,涕零如雨了。

  “莫唱当年长恨歌,人间亦自有银河”两句,表现了诗人对下层百姓疾苦的深切同情;“泪比长生殿上多”一句,揭露了社会上的种种不幸迫使诸多夫妻不能团圆的现实。

  全诗借吟咏马嵬抒情,提倡诗歌要多反映人民苦难生活的主张,表现了作者进步的文学创作观点。

  此诗虽为抒情之作,实际是议论之诗。前两句借马嵬为题提出论点,后面两句借用典故论证上述观点。论点和论据的材料本来都是旧的,但作者化陈腐为新奇,使其为自己提出新的观点服务,旧的也变为新的,颇有点铁成金之妙。全诗正如作者自己所云:“借古人往事,抒自己之怀抱”。(《随园诗话》)

  袁枚的这首《马嵬》很有意思,从题到文,处处有典故,然而又都是大家熟知的典故,所以读起来觉得很通俗,但诗中又包含着丰富的内容,很值得回味。题目是“马嵬”,就是唐玄宗被逼处死杨贵妃的地方——马嵬驿(今陕西兴平县西)。当时唐玄宗为避安史之乱逃亡四川,途经马嵬驿,部队不肯西行,最后迫使唐玄宗处死了杨国忠和杨贵妃。袁枚的诗就是对这件事有感而发。第一句的“长恨歌”,指的是白居易着名的长诗《长恨歌》,其中把唐玄宗与杨贵妃的爱情写得缠绵悱恻,令人同情。第二句的“银河”,则是指牛郎织女的故事,他们被银河阻隔,也是很悲惨的。第三句的“石壕村”,是指杜甫所写的《石壕吏》,诗中有一对老夫妻,因官府抓人当兵而分离。第四句的“长生殿”,是唐皇宫中的一座宫殿,《长恨歌》中有诗句:“七月七日长生殿,夜半无人私语时”,是说唐玄宗与杨贵妃在一起海誓山盟。第一句是因史事有感,第二句讲人间离散多,第三句举一个例子,第四句将它与第一句的史事相比。这真是往复回旋,如环无端,句句引人遐想,句句发人深思。

马嵬读音参考

mǎ wéi
马嵬

mò chàng dāng nián cháng hèn gē, rén jiān yì zì yǒu yín hé.
莫唱当年长恨歌,人间亦自有银河。
shí háo cūn lǐ fū qī bié, lèi bǐ cháng shēng diàn shàng duō.
石壕村里夫妻别,泪比长生殿上多。

袁枚

袁枚(1716-1797)清代诗人、散文家。字子才,号简斋,晚年自号仓山居士、随园主人、随园老人。汉族,钱塘(今浙江杭州)人。乾隆四年进士,历任溧水、江宁等县知县,有政绩,四十岁即告归。在江宁小仓山下筑筑随园,吟咏其中。广收诗弟子,女弟子尤众。袁枚是乾嘉时期代表诗人之一,与赵翼、蒋士铨合称“乾隆三大家”。...

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葛岭花开二月天,游人来往说神仙。老夫心与游人异,不羡神仙羡少年。

一面东风百万军,当年此处定三分。汉家火德终烧贼,池上蛟龙竟得云。江水自流秋渺渺,渔灯犹照获纷纷。我来不共吹箫客,乌鹊寒声静夜闻。

莫唱当年《长恨歌》,人间亦自有银河。石壕村里夫妻别,泪比长生殿上多!

爱好由来落笔难,一诗千改心始安。阿婆还是初笄女,头未梳成不许看。

但肯寻诗便有诗,灵犀一点是吾师。夕阳芳草寻常物,解用多为绝妙词。

久别天台路已迷,眼前尚觉白云低。诗人用笔求逋峭,何不看山到浙西?

先生容易醉,偶尔石上眠。谁知一拳石,艳传千百年。金床玉几世恒有,眠者一过人知否?不如此石占桑,胜立穹碑万丈长。

妾自梦香闺,忘郎在远道。不惯别离情,回身向空抱。

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