惜分飞 富阳僧舍代作别语赠妓琼芳

惜分飞 富阳僧舍代作别语赠妓琼芳朗读

泪湿阑干花著露,愁到眉峰碧聚。
此恨平分取,更无言语空相觑。
断雨残云无意绪,寂寞朝朝暮暮。
今夜山深处,断魂分付潮回去。

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惜分飞 富阳僧舍代作别语赠妓琼芳译文及注释

【注释】

①富阳:浙江富阳县。
②阑干:眼泪纵横的样子。
③取:助词,即“着”。
④觑:细看。

【评解】

这首词抒写离别时的情态与别后的心绪。上片描绘临别之时无言相对,只见恋人泪眼如露滴花上,愁眉似碧峰簇聚。
下片形容别后情绪低落,夜深不寐,由于怕听潮声而分付“潮回去”。款款写来,一往情深而又隐隐含露。

【集评】

周煇《清波杂志》:此词语尽而意不尽,意尽而情不尽,何酷似少游也。
薛砺若《宋词通论》:东坡守钱塘时,泽民曾作过他的刑掾(当时所谓法曹,即今司法官)。秩满辞去,因恋于歌妓琼芳,遂作了一首《惜分飞》。
唐圭璋《唐宋词简释》:此首别词,起两句即言别离之哀。“泪湿”句,用白居易“玉容寂寞泪阑干,梨花一枝春带雨”诗意,花着露犹春带雨也。“此恨”写别时情态,送行者与被送者,俱有离恨,故曰“平分取”。“今夜”两句,始说出现时现地之思念,人不得去,惟有魂随潮去,情韵特胜。
--引自惠淇源《婉约词》
-------------------------------------------------
  此为毛滂代表作。据《西湖游览志》载:元祐中,苏轼知守钱塘时,毛滂为法曹椽,与歌妓琼芳相爱。三年秩满辞官,于富阳途中的僧舍作《惜分飞》词,赠琼芳。一日,苏轼于席间,听歌妓唱此词,大为赞赏,当得知乃幕僚毛滂所作时,即说:“郡寮有词人不及知,某之罪也。”于是派人追回,与其留连数日。毛滂因此而得名,此为人津津乐道的故事,并非是事实。苏轼知杭州时,是元祐四年(1089)至元祐六年,而毛滂于元祐三年已出任饶州司法参军,直至元祐七年还在饶州任上。此时不可能为东坡的杭州僚佐。另,根据史料,毛滂早在东坡知杭州前就受知于苏轼弟兄。苏轼于元祐三年曾为毛滂写过“荐状”,称其“文词雅健,有超世之韵”。“保举堪充文章典丽可备著述科”。但此故事正说明此词传诵人口之广。
  全词写与琼芳恨别相思之情。上片,追忆两人恨别之状。“泪湿阑干花著露,愁到眉峰碧聚”,是回忆相别时,心上人的哀愁容颜。“泪湿阑干花著露”,用白居易《长恨歌》“玉容寂寞泪阑干,梨花一枝春带露”诗意,写女子离别时泪流潸潸,如春花挂露。“阑干”眼泪纵横散乱貌。“愁到眉峰碧聚”化用张泌《思越人词》:“黛眉愁聚春碧”句,写忧愁得双眉紧蹙的神态。这两句化用前人诗句描写女子的愁与泪,显得优美而情致缠绵悱恻。“此恨平分取”一句,将女子的愁与恨,轻轻一笔转到自己身上,从而表现了两人爱之深,离之悲。“更无言语空相觑”一句,回忆两人伤别时情态,离别在即,两人含泪相视,此时纵有千言万语,又从何处说起?“更无言语”比“执手相看泪眼,更无语凝噎”(柳永《雨霖铃》)更进一步表达痛切之情,因其呜咽声音都无,真是“此时无声胜有声”了。一个“空”字,下得好,它带出了多少悲伤、忧恨!无怪后人赞道:“一笔描来,不可思议。”(沈际飞《草堂诗余正集》)
  下片写别后的羁愁。“断雨残云无意绪”二句,言词人与心上人别后的凄凉寂寞。“云雨”出自宋玉《高唐赋序》,后指男女欢爱。“断雨残云”喻男女分离,人儿两地,相爱不能相聚,怎不令羁旅者呼出“无意绪”呢?那别离的“朝朝暮暮”只有“寂寞”伴随,那思念之情就更加强烈。故结句道:“今夜山深处,断魂分付潮回去。”言羁者在富阳山深处的僧舍中,而所恋之人远在钱塘,他们相隔千百里,只有江水相连,在辗转反侧中,听江涛拍岸,突发奇想:人不能相聚,那么将魂儿交付浪潮,随流水回到心上人那里。结语的寄魂江涛,是个奇异的想象,如此将刻骨铭心的相思,淋漓尽致地表达出来。
  此词感情自然真切,音韵凄惋,直抒胸臆,与形象比喻奇异想象相结合,达到了“语尽而意不尽,意尽而情不尽,何酷似秦少游也”(周辉《清波杂志》)的艺术效果。
(叶英)

此词为作者的代表作,是作者青春恋情的真实纪录。词中追忆了作者与歌妓琼芳依依惜别的情景,抒写了词人孤处羁旅的凄凉心境与萦绕心头的思念之情。后人评价此词“语尽而意不尽,意尽而情不尽。”
起首一句,写别离的黯然销魂:挂满泪珠的脸颊犹如带露的花朵,颦蹙的黛眉象远山一抹。一幅娇怜痛惜的模样,经过这番描绘呼之欲出,跃然纸上。它同周围的景色化成一片 ,构成一种凄丽哀惋的色调,一上来就紧紧抓住读者的心弦 。“此恨”句,说明离愁对于双方是同样的沉重。但是地位的悬殊并没有阻止一位宦游四海的贵公子和一位烟花女子倾心相爱。他们热恋着,共同承受着离恨的折磨,不由得柔肠寸断 。上片最后一句,纯乎写情,语浅情深 ,感人肺腑,表现了两人木然相对的绝望之情。
下片情景交融 ,情意绵绵,极悱恻缠绵之能事。“断雨”二句,写景色之荒残。零零落落的雨点,澌灭着的残云 ,与离人的心境正相印合 。而这种残云断雨的凄凉景象,正象征着这段露水姻缘已经行将结束。从此以后,只剩下岑寂的相思来折磨着这一对再见无期的离人了。结拍两句,设想别后的思念,付断魂于潮水。
此词以浅近之语传秾至之真情,以愁眉泪颊、断雨残云等意象传达词人心中的深情,表达了作者对于青春恋情的没齿难忘,具有动人心魄的艺术魅力。

惜分飞 富阳僧舍代作别语赠妓琼芳读音参考

xī fēn fēi fù yáng sēng shè dài zuò bié yǔ zèng jì qióng fāng
惜分飞 富阳僧舍代作别语赠妓琼芳

lèi shī lán gān huā zhe lù, chóu dào méi fēng bì jù.
泪湿阑干花著露,愁到眉峰碧聚。
cǐ hèn píng fēn qǔ, gèng wú yán yǔ kōng xiāng qù.
此恨平分取,更无言语空相觑。
duàn yǔ cán yún wú yì xù, jì mò zhāo zhāo mù mù.
断雨残云无意绪,寂寞朝朝暮暮。
jīn yè shān shēn chù, duàn hún fēn fù cháo huí qù.
今夜山深处,断魂分付潮回去。

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