踏莎行·候馆梅残

踏莎行·候馆梅残朗读

候馆梅残,溪桥柳细,草薰风暖摇征辔。
离愁渐远渐无穷,迢迢不断如春水。
寸寸柔肠,盈盈粉泪,楼高莫近危栏倚。
平芜尽处是春山,行人更在春山外。

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踏莎行·候馆梅残译文及注释

【注释】

①候馆:迎候宾客的馆舍。
②薰:香气。 征:远行。辔:这里指坐骑。
③迢迢:形容路遥远而绵长。
④危栏:高楼的栏杆。
⑤平芜:平坦的草地。

【评解】

这是一首写离情的佳作。在抒写游子思乡的同时,联想到闺中人相忆念的情景,写
出了两地相思之情。上片写马上征人。以景为主,融情于景;下片写闺中思妇。以抒情
为主,情寓景中。构成了清丽缠绵的意境。这首词表现出欧词深婉的风格,是其具有代
表性的一首。

【集评】

李攀龙《草堂诗余隽》:春水写愁,春山骋望,极切极婉。
王世贞《艺苑巵言》:“平芜尽处是春山,行人更在春山外。”此淡语之有情者也。
俞陛云《唐五代两宋词选释》:唐宋人诗词中,送别怀人者,或从居者着想,或从
行者着想,能言情婉絷,便称佳搆。此词则两面兼写。
前半首言征人驻马回头,愈行愈远,如春水迢迢,却望长亭,已隔万重云树。后半
首为送行者设想,倚阑凝睇,心倒肠回,望青山无际,遥想斜日鞭丝,当已出青山之外,
如鸳鸯之烟岛分飞,互相回首也。以章法论,“候馆”、“溪桥”言行人所经历;“柔
肠”、“粉泪”言思妇之伤怀,情同而境判,前后阕之章法井然。
唐圭璋《唐宋词简释》:此首,上片写行人忆家,下片写闺人忆外。
起三句,写郊景如画,于梅残柳细、草薰风暖之时,信马徐行,一何自在。“离愁”
两句,因见春水之不断,遂忆及离愁之无穷。下片言闺人之怅望。“楼高”一句唤起,
“平芜”两句拍合。平芜已远,春山则更远矣,而行人又在春山之外,则人去之远,不
能自睹,惟存想象而已。写来极柔极厚。
----------------------------
这首词上片写行者的离愁,下片写行者的遥想即思妇的别恨,从游子和思妇两个不同的角度深化了离别的主题。全词以优美的想象、贴切的比喻、新颖的构思,含蓄蕴藉地制造出一种“迢迢不断如春水”的情思,一种情深意远的境界。
上片写游子旅途中所见所感。开头三句是一幅洋溢着春天气息的溪山行旅图:旅舍旁的梅花已经开过了,只剩下几朵残英,溪桥边的柳树刚抽出细嫩的枝叶。暖风吹送着春草的芳香,远行的人就在这美好的环境中摇动马缰,赶马行路。梅残、柳细、草薰、风暖 ,暗示时令正当仲春 。这正是最易使人动情的季节。从“摇征辔”的“摇”字中可以想象行人骑着马儿顾盼徐行的情景。以上三句的每一个静态或动态的景象,都具有多重含义和功能。廖廖数语,便写出了时间 、地点 、景物、气候、事件和人物的举动、神情。
开头三句以实景暗示、烘托离别,而三、四两句则由丽景转入对离情的描写:“离愁渐远渐无穷,迢迢不断如春水 。”因为所别者是自己深爱的人 ,所以这离愁便随着分别时间之久、相隔路程之长越积越多 ,就象眼前这伴着自己的一溪春水一样 ,来路无穷,去程不尽。此二句即景设喻,即物生情,以水喻愁,写得自然贴切而又柔美含蓄。
下片写闺中少妇对陌上游子的深切思念。“寸寸柔肠,盈盈粉泪。”过片两对句,由陌上行人转笔写楼头思妇。“柔肠 ”而说“ 寸寸”,“粉泪”而说“盈盈”,显示出女子思绪的缠绵深切。从“迢迢春水”到“寸寸肠”、“盈盈泪”,其间又有一种自然的联系。
接下来一句“楼高莫近危阑倚”,是行人在心里对泪眼盈盈的闺中人深情的体贴和嘱咐,也是思妇既希望登高眺望游子踪影又明知徒然的内心挣扎。
最后两句写少妇的凝望和想象,是游子想象闺中人凭高望远而不见所思之人的情景 :展现在楼前的,是一片杂草繁茂的原野,原野的尽头是隐隐春山,所思念的行人,更远在春山之外,渺不可寻。这两句不但写出了楼头思妇凝目远望、神驰天外的情景,而且透出了她的一往情深,正越过春山的阻隔,一直伴随着渐行渐远的征人飞向天涯。行者不仅想象到居者登高怀远,而且深入到对方的心灵对自己的追踪。如此写来,情意深长而又哀婉欲绝。
此词由陌上游子而及楼头思妇,由实景而及想象,上下片层层递进,以发散式结构将离愁别恨表达得荡气回肠 、意味深长 。这种透过一层从对面写来的手法,带来了强烈的美感效果。

踏莎行·候馆梅残读音参考

tà suō xíng
踏莎行

hòu guǎn méi cán, xī qiáo liǔ xì,
候馆梅残,溪桥柳细,
cǎo xūn fēng nuǎn yáo zhēng pèi.
草薰风暖摇征辔。
lí chóu jiàn yuǎn jiàn wú qióng,
离愁渐远渐无穷,
tiáo tiáo bù duàn rú chūn shuǐ.
迢迢不断如春水。
cùn cùn róu cháng, yíng yíng fěn lèi,
寸寸柔肠,盈盈粉泪,
lóu gāo mò jìn wēi lán yǐ.
楼高莫近危栏倚。
píng wú jǐn chù shì chūn shān,
平芜尽处是春山,
xíng rén gèng zài chūn shān wài.
行人更在春山外。

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候馆梅残,溪桥柳细,草薰风暖摇征辔。离愁渐远渐无穷,迢迢不断如春水。寸寸柔肠,盈盈粉泪,楼高莫近危栏倚。平芜尽处是春山,行人更在春山外。

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