恨别

恨别朗读

洛城一别四千里,胡骑长驱五六年。
草木变衰行剑外,兵戈阻绝老江边。
思家步月清宵立,忆弟看云白日眠。
闻道河阳近乘胜,司徒急为破幽燕。

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诗文归类:叙事抒情无奈思乡
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恨别译文及注释

恨别翻译及注释

翻译
我离开洛城之后便四处漂泊,远离它已有四千里之遥,安史之乱叛军长驱直入中原也已经有五六年了。
草木由青变衰,我来到剑阁之外,为兵戈阻断,在江边渐渐老去。
我思念家乡,忆念胞弟,清冷的月夜,思不能寐,忽步忽立。
冷落的白昼,卧看行云,倦极而眠。令人高兴的是听说司徒已攻克河阳,正乘胜追击敌人,急于要拿下幽燕。

注释
①这是杜甫上元元年(760)在成都写的一首七言律诗。
②洛城:洛阳
③指安史之乱的叛军。
④剑外:剑阁以南,这里指蜀地。
⑤司徒:指李光弼,他当时任检校司徒。上元元年三月,检校司徒李光弼破安太清于怀州城下。四月,又破史思明于河阳西渚。当时李光弼又急欲直捣叛军老巢幽燕,以打破相持局面。

恨别赏析

  鉴赏此诗,一要注意炼字的表达效果,二要注意表意的含蓄蕴藉,寓情于形象的描绘和叙述之中。首联中的的“一别”“长驱”颔联中的“衰”“老”等词,一方面表现了叛军的嚣张气焰,一方面也表现了诗人在安史之乱中的无奈、悲凉、飘零憔悴的遭遇。颈联通过“宵立昼眠,忧而反常”的生活细节描写,曲折地表达了思家忆弟的深情。此二句中的“思家”“忆弟”为互文,委婉曲折地表现了怀念亲人的无限情思,突出了题意的“恨别”沈德潜评论此联说:“若说如何思,如何忆,情事易尽。”

  首联领起“恨别”,点明思家、忧国的题旨。“四千里”,恨离家之远。“五六年”,伤战乱之久。个人的困苦经历,国家的艰难遭遇,都在这些数量词中体现出来。

  颔联两句描述诗人流落蜀中的情况。“草木变衰”,语出宋玉《九辩》中的“萧瑟兮草木摇落而变衰”。这里是指草木的盛衰变易,承上句的“五六年”,暗示入蜀已有多年,同时也与下一句的“老”相呼应,暗比诗人自己的飘零憔悴。诗人到成都,多亏亲友帮助,过着比较安定的草堂生活,但思乡恋亲之情是念念不忘的。由于“兵戈阻绝”,他不能重返故土,只好老于锦江之边了。“老江边”的“老”字,悲凉沉郁,寻味不尽。

  颈联通过“宵立昼眠,忧而反常”(《杜少陵集详注》)的生活细节描写,曲折地表达了思家忆弟的深情。杜甫有四弟,名为杜颖、杜观、杜丰、杜占,其中杜颖、杜观、杜丰散在各地,只有杜占随杜甫入蜀。此二句中的“思家”、“忆弟”为互文。月夜,思不能寐,忽步忽立。白昼,卧看行云,倦极而眠。杜甫这种坐卧不宁的举动,正委婉曲折地表现了怀念亲人的无限情思,突出了题意的“恨别”。它不是抽象言情,而是用具体生动的形象说话,让读者自己去体会形象中所蕴含的忧伤之情。手法含蓄巧妙,诗味隽永,富有情致。

  尾联回应次句,抒写杜甫听到唐军连战皆捷的喜讯,盼望尽快破幽燕、平叛乱的急切心情。760年(上元元年)三月,检校司徒李光弼破安太清于怀州城下;四月,又破史思明于河阳西渚。这就是诗中“乘胜”的史实。当时李光弼又急欲直捣叛军老巢幽燕,以打破相持局面。杜甫盼望国家复兴,他自己亦可还乡,天下可喜可乐之事,没有比这个更好的了。这首诗以充满希望之句作结,感情由悲凉转为欢快,显示了杜甫胸怀的开阔。

  这首七律用简朴优美的语言叙事抒情,言近旨远,辞浅情深。杜甫把个人的遭际和国家的命运结合起来写,每一句都蕴蓄着丰富的内涵,饱和着浓郁的诗情,值得读者反复吟味。

恨别创作背景

  杜甫于759年(乾元二年)春告别了故乡洛阳,返回华州司功参军任所,不久弃官客居秦州、同谷,后来到了成都,辗转四千里。杜甫写此诗时,距755年(天宝十四年)十一月安史之乱爆发已五六个年头。在这几年中,叛军铁蹄蹂躏中原各地,生灵涂炭,血流成河,这是杜甫深为忧虑的事。

恨别读音参考

hèn bié
恨别

luò chéng yī bié sì qiān lǐ, hú qí cháng qū wǔ liù nián.
洛城一别四千里,胡骑长驱五六年。
cǎo mù biàn shuāi xíng jiàn wài, bīng gē zǔ jué lǎo jiāng biān.
草木变衰行剑外,兵戈阻绝老江边。
sī jiā bù yuè qīng xiāo lì, yì dì kàn yún bái rì mián.
思家步月清宵立,忆弟看云白日眠。
wén dào hé yáng jìn chéng shèng, sī tú jí wèi pò yōu yàn.
闻道河阳近乘胜,司徒急为破幽燕。

杜甫

杜甫(712-770),字子美,自号少陵野老,世称“杜工部”、“杜少陵”等,汉族,河南府巩县(今河南省巩义市)人,唐代伟大的现实主义诗人,杜甫被世人尊为“诗圣”,其诗被称为“诗史”。杜甫与李白合称“李杜”,为了跟另外两位诗人李商隐与杜牧即“小李杜”区别开来,杜甫与李白又合称“大李杜”。他忧国忧民,人格高尚,他的约1400余首诗被保留了下来,诗艺精湛,在中国古典诗歌中备受推崇,影响深远。759-766年间曾居成都,后世有杜甫草堂纪念。...

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