长相思令·烟霏霏

长相思令·烟霏霏朗读

烟霏霏,雪霏霏。
雪向梅花枝上堆,春从何处回?
醉眼开,睡眼开,疏影横斜安在哉?
从教塞管催。

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诗文归类:婉约长相思
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长相思令·烟霏霏译文及注释

【注释】

①霏霏:纷飞貌。
②管:乐器。

【评解】

这首迎春小词,以景衬情,寄喻颇深。春日且至,而窗外烟雨霏霏,雪堆梅枝。不
禁想到“春从何处回”!惟愿东风送暖,“塞管”催春,早回大地。全词写景细腻,抒
情委婉含蓄。
-------------------
宋代有两个吴淑姬,皆善词。一是北宋人,词见黄昇《唐宋诸贤绝妙词选》。这首词的作者是南宋人。据洪迈《夷坚支志庚集》卷十记载,她是湖州秀才之女,聪慧而能诗词 。貌美家贫,为富民之子所霸占。却被人诬为有“奸情”逮捕审判,已定罪判刑。衙中僚吏观审后,置酒席,命她脱枷侍饮,“谕之曰:‘知汝能长短句,宜以一章自咏,当宛转白侍制(知州王十朋)为汝解脱 ,不然危矣。’女即请题。时冬末雪消 ,春日且至 ,命道此景作《 长相思令》。捉笔立成。”即此词。
要解通此词,须抓住两点,一是“自咏”,——她此时的处境是被判了徒刑,正待执行;二是“道此景”,——眼前之“景”是“冬末雪消,春日且至”。且看女词人是如何通过结合“自咏”而“道此景”的。
开头的“烟霏霏”乃云雾迷蒙之意 。“烟霏霏”是云雾迷蒙,为“雪霏霏”前奏。《诗·小雅·采微》:“ 今我来思,雨雪霏霏”。霏霏,纷飞的样子。明明已经是“雪消”了,却偏要说雪“霏霏”,已是一奇。
下句还要加重渲染:“雪向梅花枝上堆”!眼前公庭院子里,当还有几株梅树,但说它枝上“堆”着雪,显然是借喻之法。词人这样当着知州衙门诸僚之面,“制造”出这样一幅雪压梅枝的现“景”来,自然有她的原因 ,为的就是引出下句“春从何处回”,就是说眼前还没有“春回大地”;结合“自咏”,是喻指她在此案中蒙冤受屈,未曾审理明白,便判了徒刑有如被雪压着梅枝,抬不起头来。“春从何处回!”用反诘的语气,加重感叹呼号的分量。咏“春日且至”而写出这样的句子,在座诸公是品词的行家,既然出了这“自咏”的题目,当然懂得她这弦外之音。
下片“醉眼开,睡眼开,疏影横斜安在哉 !”紧承上片 ,通过描写梅花,“道此景”而结合自己的观感。这里的“ 醉”和“睡”,不是实指生活中的醉酒和睡眠,而是说自己被一场官司打击得晕头转向,真是“终日昏昏醉梦间”(唐李涉《题鹤林寺僧舍》句)。
到此际睁开了“醉眼”、“ 睡眼”,要找寻那“疏影横斜”的梅景却已是“如今安在哉?”没有了,过去了。这句与“ 春从何处回”是意同而笔不同的一种写法,是说好景不属于她 :要么没有来,要么来了又去了,而她总是处在“ 醉梦中,从未领略到”。这一句借用了林和靖咏梅诗名句“ 疏影横斜水清浅”,不只使词语增加了文采,也使失却美好事物的意思得到了形象的体现 。结句“从教塞管催 ”。“ 从教”,任使也。“塞管”,羌笛也 。刘禹锡《杨柳枝》 :“塞北梅花羌笛吹 。”因古笛曲有《梅花落》词人想象其声可以感物 ,遂认为笛怨惊梅,而使之落。如戎昱《闻笛》诗:“平明独惆怅,飞尽一庭梅。”张先《醉落魄》词:“ 横管孤吹,⋯⋯声入霜林,簌簌惊梅落。”本词也承此意,说“疏影横斜”的一树梅花,任凭羌笛声把它“催”落了,补出“安在哉”的缘故。词至此结束了,完成了“道此景”而“自咏”的任务。绝妙之笔,婉约之情 ,构成了一首篇幅虽短而很有包蕴的小词。
于是“诸客赏叹,为之尽欢。明日以告王公,言其冤,亟使释放”,词的手稿居然还由“治此狱”者收藏起来。女主人公先是被俗人玩弄 ,然后又被雅人玩弄。
说是“佳话”也可以,但它毕竟是封建社会妇女生活的一幕悲剧。读此词及其故事,不禁感慨万分!

长相思令·烟霏霏读音参考

zhǎng xiàng sī lìng
长相思令

yān fēi fēi, xuě fēi fēi.
烟霏霏,雪霏霏。
xuě xiàng méi huā zhī shàng duī,
雪向梅花枝上堆,
chūn cóng hé chǔ huí?
春从何处回?
zuì yǎn kāi, shuì yǎn kāi,
醉眼开,睡眼开,
shū yǐng héng xié ān zài zāi?
疏影横斜安在哉?
cóng jiào sāi guǎn cuī.
从教塞管催。

吴淑姬

吴淑姬,约公元一一八五年前后在世失其本名,湖州人。生卒年均不详,约宋孝宗淳熙十二年前后在世。父为秀才。家贫,貌美,慧而能诗词。说详拙作中国女性的文学生活)淑姬工词。有《阳春白雪词》五卷,《花庵词选》黄升以为佳处不减李易安。...

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      1. #0 utf8 类