蝶恋花·今古河山无定据

蝶恋花·今古河山无定据朗读

今古河山无定据,画角声中,牧马频来去。

满目荒凉谁可语?西风吹老丹枫树。
从来幽怨应无数?铁马金戈,青冢黄昏路。

一往情深深几许?深山夕照深秋雨。

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蝶恋花·今古河山无定据译文及注释

【注释】:
这首出塞词,当为纳兰兴德于康熙二十一年(1682)八月奉命与副都统郎谈等出塞远赴梭龙途中所作,词人时年二十九岁。

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自古就有昭君怨之说,但大多文人习惯拘泥于陈情。连诗圣杜甫也只是感慨——
画图省识春风面,环佩空归月夜魂。千载琵琶作胡语,分明怨恨曲中论。
——咏怀古迹五首(其三)》
诗圣定了基调,后世更少见发人深省的意义翻新。历代女子中,王昭君获得的吟颂最多,而且几乎全是正面的。难得没有什么“红颜祸水”的责难加诸在她身上,反而对她由怜生敬,由敬生爱。
这固然是因为王嫱女士做了件极漂亮的事。她不仅是绝色倾城,而且简直是绝顶地聪明,没有寻常女子的软弱拖沓,她勇敢而有主见,想到与其在汉宫中荒耗一生,还不如远走她乡。人皆言塞外苦寒,匈奴人彪悍。可是和荒茫无尽的等待比,那又算的了什么呢?只是寻常宫女,因为拒绝了画师毛延寿的勒索,可能再也得不到君王的看顾。一个清寒孤傲的少女想在宫中拔节而出,如同黑夜在海面上泅渡,希望渺茫。十几岁的王嫱,有着超越一般人的坚定果敢,老天亦赋予她机会和能力,纵身扑入,因此成功。
如果美貌是能量,昭君将自己的能量发挥到极至。当埃及艳后忙着摆布男人,颠覆了几个男人的霸业时,王嫱也利用自己的绝色姿容摆布了两个男人。她让一个为失去她而饮恨终生,从此视后宫粉黛如飞尘;她让另一个为得到她而心满意足甘心放弃争霸天下的念头,对大汉朝俯首称臣。最重要的,与克丽奥帕特拉的祸国殃民比,她确保了数十年的和平,使老百姓安享太平,即使这和平也很短暂。
一向对女人挑剔到洁癖的读书人能在思想上将王嫱视为同类,是值得惊奇的,然而也未尝不空洞。这些为责任理想所牵绊的男人们,又怎能真正了解昭君坟头的青草到底为什么而盛,又因什么而衰?王昭君,她不过是不由自主地在后人的诗文中做了一面映照很多命途多仵的有识之士的镜子——她美貌而智慧,一如那些有才识的文人;她拒绝给毛延寿贿赂,一如清高之士所标榜的气节“富贵只可直中取,不可曲中求”;她以女儿身做出一番千秋赞叹的事业,以身许国,亦是读书人所称许的。百般萧瑟,终于积聚力量绽放。昭君寄托了文人的太多理想。
后世戎昱说:“汉家青史上,拙计是和亲。社稷依明主,安危托妇人。岂能将玉貌,便拟净沙尘。地下千年骨,谁为辅佐臣。”才算是句摸着良心说的公道话。如果不是眼前身后逼仄到无路可退,谁愿意带着未完成的爱情将自己放逐到万里之外。
汉帝,应该比昭君更怨。昭君出塞,大殿上的临别相视。这女人已注定是他余生无法愈合的巨大伤口和耻辱。他的江山是她舞着杨柳细腰为他擎住。她却对他跪拜谢恩。自古男人的江山就不能缺少女人支持,却羞于承认靠女人支撑。
这阕《蝶恋花》将容若的男儿眼界与气度尽显无疑。首句“今古河山无定据”气象极佳,一句话便道明世事无主,朝代更迭,江山频频易主是必然的,历史不可抗拒的规律。接下来用白描的手法呈现秋景,一副待战的场面。因想起千百年来朝代如花开花谢,或许他日大清的覆灭也不可免,心中萌生的感触使得眼前秋景更添荒情。作为与满清王朝休戚相关的贵族近臣,容若未必仅仅是一个吟风弄月的富贵闲人,他亦有拳拳报国之心和远大抱负。但他显然不赞成功名抱负要通过战争和流血来实现,所谓“一将功成万骨枯”的冷血萧烈是被多情公子所厌弃的。所以结句仍复了容若重情的本色——“一往情深深几许?深山夕照深秋雨。”成功将豪壮,柔情,还有些许凄凉和失落糅在一起,使人回味无穷。这亦是容若悲天悯人的情怀体现。
传说,昭君出塞,死后葬胡地,坟头终年青草离离,称为“青冢”。由青冢想到王昭君,容若问卿,一往情深深几许?千秋万岁以来,王昭君的一往情深,缕缕怨心,能看得清,读得懂的,恐怕也只能是容若这样的绝代才人了!
不同于历代词家,容若此词意境思想远远超越了他们,而更熨贴昭君本心。容若将闺怨,乡怨一次升华——青冢独眠的王昭君,为的不是自己毕生不能回归故土,不是和汉帝的有情无缘。而是,她耗尽一生心力所不能唤醒的,是后人对权力的执迷、对战争的狂热。
君不见,残阳秋雨深山寂,纳兰公子长太息!
绝色女子和绝代才人,隔世为知音。
(安意如)

蝶恋花·今古河山无定据读音参考

dié liàn huā
蝶恋花

jīn gǔ hé shān wú dìng jù, huà jiǎo shēng zhōng, mù mǎ pín lái qù.
今古河山无定据,画角声中,牧马频来去。
.

mǎn mù huāng liáng shuí kě yǔ? xī fēng chuī lǎo dān fēng shù.
满目荒凉谁可语?西风吹老丹枫树。
cóng lái yōu yuàn yīng wú shù? tiě mǎ jīn gē, qīng zhǒng huáng hūn lù.
从来幽怨应无数?铁马金戈,青冢黄昏路。
.

yī wǎng qíng shēn shēn jǐ xǔ? shēn shān xī zhào shēn qiū yǔ.
一往情深深几许?深山夕照深秋雨。

纳兰性德

纳兰性德(1655-1685),满洲人,字容若,号楞伽山人,清代最著名词人之一。其诗词“纳兰词”在清代以至整个中国词坛上都享有很高的声誉,在中国文学史上也占有光采夺目的一席。他生活于满汉融合时期,其贵族家庭兴衰具有关联于王朝国事的典型性。虽侍从帝王,却向往经历平淡。特殊的生活环境背景,加之个人的超逸才华,使其诗词创作呈现出独特的个性和鲜明的艺术风格。流传至今的《木兰花令·拟古决绝词》——“人生若只如初见,何事秋风悲画扇?等闲变却故人心,却道故人心易变。”富于意境,是其众多代表作之一。...

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眼底风光留不住,和暖和香,又上雕鞍去。欲倩烟丝遮别路,垂杨那是相思树。惆怅玉颜成间阻,何事东风,不作繁华主。断带依然留乞句,斑骓一系无寻处。

谁念西风独自凉萧萧黄叶闭疏窗沉思往事立残阳被酒莫惊春睡重赌书消得泼茶香当时只道是寻常

欲寄愁心朔雁边,西风浊酒惨离颜。黄花时节碧云天。古戍烽烟迷斥堠,夕阳村落解鞍鞯。不知征战几人还。

记绾长条欲别难。盈盈自此隔银湾。便无风雪也摧残。青雀几时裁锦字,玉虫连夜剪春幡。不禁辛苦况相关。

今古河山无定据,画角声中,牧马频来去。。满目荒凉谁可语?西风吹老丹枫树。从来幽怨应无数?铁马金戈,青冢黄昏路。。一往情深深几许?深山夕照深秋雨。

十里湖光载酒游,青帘低映白苹洲。西风听彻采菱讴。沙岸有时双袖拥,画船何处一竿收。归来无语晚妆楼。

莲漏三声烛半条,杏花微鱼湿轻绡,那将红豆寄无聊?春色已看浓似酒,归期安得信如潮,离魂入夜倩谁招?

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