菩萨蛮·数家茅屋闲临水

菩萨蛮·数家茅屋闲临水朗读

数家茅屋闲临水。
单衫短帽垂杨里。
花是去年红,吹开一夜风。
梢梢新月偃。
午醉醒来晚。
何物最关情。
黄鹂三两声。

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菩萨蛮·数家茅屋闲临水译文及注释

【注释】:
“花是去年红,吹开一夜风。”又有作“今日是何朝。看予度石桥。”


此词为作者晚年隐居江宁半山之作 。《能改斋漫录》云:“王荆公筑草堂于半山,引入功德水作小港,其中叠石作桥,为集句填菩萨蛮 。”全篇用前人诗句杂缀成词 ,使之如出己口 ,真正为自己表情达意服务,叙写自己的闲适生活与故作放达的情怀。
开首“数间茅屋闲临水,窄衫短帽垂杨里”二句明白地表示自己目前的生活环境与身份。往昔重楼飞檐、雕栏画栋的官宦居处换成了筑篱为墙,结草作舍的水边茅屋;如今窄衫短帽的闲人装束取代了过去的冠带蟒服。作者从九重宸阙的丹墀前来到了水边桥畔的垂杨里。对于这种遭际的变化,王安石似乎采取一种安然自适的态度。一个“闲”字渲染出淡泊宁静的生活环境,也点出了作者摆脱宦海远离风尘的村野情趣。两句闲雅从容 ,虽然是从前人诗句中摘录而成,但指事类情,贴切自然,不啻如出己口。
接着“花是去年红,吹开一夜风。”两句是写景:一夕春风来 ,吹开万紫千红,风光正似去年。但是,作为一个曾经锐意改革的政治家,他对花事依旧、人事已非的感慨,就不仅仅是时光流逝、老之将至的叹息,更包含着他壮志未酬的忧愁。
因此,即使在看似闲适的生活里,自然界的月色风声,都会引起这位政治家的敏感与关注,而被赋予某种象征的意义:“梢梢新月偃,午醉醒来晚。”作者醉酒昼寝,再不必随班上朝参预政事,生活是如此闲逸,但是,酒醒梦回,陪伴他的并不是清风明月,而是风吹云走、月翳半规的昏沉夜色。
最后二句自然地归结到闲情上 :“何物最关情,黄鹂三两声。”作者自问自答,写得含蓄而余韵悠长。据冯贽《云仙杂记》引《高隐外书》云 :“顒携黄柑斗酒 ,人问何之,曰 :‘往听黄鹂声。此俗耳针砭,诗肠鼓吹 ,汝知之乎 ?’”可见王安石的寄情黄鹂,不仅是表现在鸟语花香中的闲情逸趣,更是显示自己孤介傲岸、超尘拔俗的鲠直人格。
此词与王安石晚年的诗作相似,以精炼的笔墨描绘了美丽如画的湖光山色。词中营造出清隽秀丽、悠闲恬静的意境,以此来抒发洒脱放达之情,以求得精神上的慰安和解脱。词人在描绘春景时,无典故,不雕琢 ,语言清新、自然,数笔就勾出一幅鲜明秀丽、清俊娴静的画面 ,其中有日景、夜景,有青山绿水、花红柳翠的明丽色彩,也有流水潺潺、黄鹂鸣啭的声响,而作者的形象就淡入这画面中。全词在安逸恬淡的生活情景中寄寓着政治家的襟怀心志,在娴雅流丽的风格中显示出作者的才情骨力,体现了王安石词素洁平易而又含蓄深沉的词风。

菩萨蛮·数家茅屋闲临水读音参考

pú sà mán
菩萨蛮

shù jiā máo wū xián lín shuǐ.
数家茅屋闲临水。
dān shān duǎn mào chuí yáng lǐ.
单衫短帽垂杨里。
huā shì qù nián hóng,
花是去年红,
chuī kāi yī yè fēng.
吹开一夜风。
shāo shāo xīn yuè yǎn.
梢梢新月偃。
wǔ zuì xǐng lái wǎn.
午醉醒来晚。
hé wù zuì guān qíng.
何物最关情。
huáng lí sān liǎng shēng.
黄鹂三两声。

王安石

王安石(1021年12月18日-1086年5月21日),字介甫,号半山,谥文,封荆国公。世人又称王荆公。汉族,北宋抚州临川人(今江西省抚州市临川区邓家巷人),中国北宋著名政治家、思想家、文学家、改革家,唐宋八大家之一。欧阳修称赞王安石:“翰林风月三千首,吏部文章二百年。老去自怜心尚在,后来谁与子争先。”传世文集有《王临川集》、《临川集拾遗》等。其诗文各体兼擅,词虽不多,但亦擅长,且有名作《桂枝香》等。而王荆公最得世人哄传之诗句莫过于《泊船瓜洲》中的“春风又绿江南岸,明月何时照我还。”...

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数家茅屋闲临水。单衫短帽垂杨里。花是去年红,吹开一夜风。梢梢新月偃。午醉醒来晚。何物最关情。黄鹂三两声。

虞美人,态浓意远淑且真。同辇随君侍君侧,六宫粉黛无颜色。楚歌四面起,形势反苍黄。夜闻马嘶晓无迹,蛾眉萧飒如秋霜。汉家离宫三十六,缓歌慢舞凝丝竹。人间举...

爆竹声中一岁除,春风送暖入屠苏。千门万户曈曈日,总把新桃换旧符。

隔岸桃花红未半。枝头已有蜂儿乱。惆怅武陵人不管。清梦断。亭亭伫立春宵短。

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