好了歌注

好了歌注朗读

陋室空堂,当年笏满床;
衰草枯杨,曾为歌舞场。
蛛丝儿结满雕梁,绿纱今又糊在蓬窗上。
说什么脂正浓,粉正香,如何两鬓又成霜?
昨日黄土陇头送白骨,今宵红灯帐底卧鸳鸯。
金满箱,银满箱,展眼乞丐人皆谤。
正叹他人命不长,那知自己归来丧!
训有方,保不定日后作强梁。
择膏粱,谁承望流落在烟花巷!
因嫌纱帽小,致使锁枷杠,昨怜破袄寒,今嫌紫蟒长:
乱烘烘你方唱罢我登场,反认他乡是故乡。
甚荒唐,到头来都是为他人作嫁衣裳!

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好了歌注译文及注释

【注释】:
[评介]这首《好了歌解》是对《好了歌》所表达的思想进一步具体、生动的阐发。它形象地刻画出封建统治崩溃前夕的种种衰败景象:满床的朝笏玉板不见了,只剩下空荡零落的厅堂;歌舞场长满了衰草枯杨;画栋雕梁结满了蜘蛛网;公子变成了乞丐,小姐流落为**;达官贵人扛上了枷锁,酸儒新贵反倒穿上了紫蟒。这个下台那个又登场,真是可笑而又荒唐。这就是所谓“‘了’(断绝俗缘)便是‘好’(得到解脱)”。从这里我们可以看到,地主阶级的好景已到末日,统治者之间一切争权夺利,钩心斗角,正面临着经济上的崩溃,政治上的没落,道德上的败坏,一代不如一代,后继无人的严峻现实。作者用“到头来都是为他人作嫁衣裳”嘲讽这一阶级在垂死前权势利欲争夺的可笑。作者在歌中所揭露的封建统治阶级在政治、经济、道德等方面和种种危机,以及他对统治者内部的权力斗争所持的否定态度,都是值得肯定的。但由于曹雪芹所处的时代的局限,他无法找到现实的出路,所以这里所宣扬的“‘好’便是‘了’”,“‘了’便是‘好’”,就包含有浓厚的虚无厌世和宗教色彩,我们对它要有正确的认识。这些消极因素曾被新、旧红学家所扩大渲染,用以否定《红楼梦》的反封建意义,这也是应该避免的。
-------------------------------------------------
  这首曲子,出现在第一回中。破足道人唱《好了歌》是要启发甄士隐“觉悟”;而甄士隐是聪明的读书人,而且有了家破人亡的经历,一听就懂了,接着就为《好了歌》作了这篇解注,进一步引申发挥了《好了歌》的思想。
  这篇解注比《好了歌》说得更具体、更形象、更冷峭无情。富贵的突然贫贱了,贫贱的又突然富贵了;年轻的突然衰老了,活着的又突然死掉了——人世无常,一切都是虚幻。想教训儿子光宗耀祖,可他偏偏去当强盗;想使女儿当个贵妇,可她偏偏沦为娼妓;想在官阶上越爬越高,可是偏偏成了囚徒——命运难以捉摸,谁也逃脱不了它的摆布。可是世上的人们仍不醒悟,还在你争我夺,像个乱哄哄的戏台,闹个没完。这就是《好了歌》解注的基本思想。它同《好了歌》一样,同属馈世嫉俗的产物。由于它处处作鲜明、形象的对比,忽阴忽晴,骤热骤冷,时笑时骂,有歌有哭,加上通俗流畅,迭富有致,就使它具有强烈的感染力。它对于当时封建社会名利场中的人物,无异于一盆透顶醒心的冷水;对于今天的人们认识封建社会的腐败黑暗,也有某种认识意义。
  这首《好了歌》解注,在全书开头造成一种“忽荣忽枯、忽丽忽朽”(脂砚斋语)的险恶气氛,也是对全书荣宁二府兴衰际遇的一种概括和预示。
  这种概括和预示,是就其整体而言的,不好说哪一句是专指哪个或哪几个人物。如有人以为“转眼乞丐人皆谤”指的是甄宝玉和贾宝玉;“绿纱今又糊在蓬窗上”指的是贾雨村等人;“因嫌纱帽小,致使锁枷扛”指的贾雨村、贾赦等人;“昨怜破袄寒,今嫌紫蟒长”指的是贾兰、贾菌等人,等等。乍看似乎有点像,其实未必是作者的意图。既然是概括地预示全书内容,有些像是自然的,但如简单地把每句和书中人物一一对应起来,就无法解释通。如以为“训有方,保不定日后作强梁”指的是柳湘莲,有什么根据?书中根本没有写柳湘莲之父是谁,也没写如何教子有方,也没有其它预示说柳湘莲要当强盗,怎么能证实就是指的柳湘莲?更有人据此说柳湘莲参加了农民起义等等,就近乎痴人说梦了。持上述看法的研究者,依据的是“甲成本”脂批。脂砚斋批语对研究《红楼梦》有其不可忽视的价值,但也不可尽信和迷信。脂批是个很复杂的问题,肯定不是出自一人一时,错讹之处很多,因此有取也要有弃,与《红楼梦》原书显然悖谬的地方;就不应该盲目信从。

作者:陈秋月

好了歌注读音参考

hǎo le gē zhù
好了歌注

lòu shì kōng táng, dāng nián hù mǎn chuáng
陋室空堂,当年笏满床;
shuāi cǎo kū yáng, céng wèi gē wǔ chǎng.
衰草枯杨,曾为歌舞场。
zhū sī ér jié mǎn diāo liáng,
蛛丝儿结满雕梁,
lǜ shā jīn yòu hú zài péng chuāng shàng.
绿纱今又糊在蓬窗上。
shuō shí mǒ zhī zhèng nóng, fěn zhèng xiāng,
说什么脂正浓,粉正香,
rú hé liǎng bìn yòu chéng shuāng?
如何两鬓又成霜?
zuó rì huáng tǔ lǒng tóu sòng bái gǔ,
昨日黄土陇头送白骨,
jīn xiāo hóng dēng zhàng dǐ wò yuān yāng.
今宵红灯帐底卧鸳鸯。
jīn mǎn xiāng, yín mǎn xiāng, zhǎn yǎn qǐ gài rén jiē bàng.
金满箱,银满箱,展眼乞丐人皆谤。
zhèng tàn tā rén mìng bù zhǎng, nǎ zhī zì jǐ guī lái sàng!
正叹他人命不长,那知自己归来丧!
xùn yǒu fāng, bǎo bù dìng rì hòu zuò qiáng liáng.
训有方,保不定日后作强梁。
zé gāo liáng, shuí chéng wàng liú luò zài yān huā xiàng!
择膏粱,谁承望流落在烟花巷!
yīn xián shā mào xiǎo, zhì shǐ suǒ jiā gāng,
因嫌纱帽小,致使锁枷杠,
zuó lián pò ǎo hán, jīn xián zǐ mǎng zhǎng:
昨怜破袄寒,今嫌紫蟒长:
luàn hōng hōng nǐ fāng chàng bà wǒ dēng chǎng,
乱烘烘你方唱罢我登场,
fǎn rèn tā xiāng shì gù xiāng.
反认他乡是故乡。
shén huāng táng,
甚荒唐,
dào tóu lái dōu shì wèi tā rén zuò jià yī shang!
到头来都是为他人作嫁衣裳!

曹雪芹

曹雪芹,名霑,字梦阮,号雪芹,又号芹溪、芹圃。清代著名文学家,小说家。先祖为中原汉人,满洲正白旗包衣出身。素性放达,曾身杂优伶而被钥空房。爱好研究广泛:金石、诗书、绘画、园林、中医、织补、工艺、饮食等。他出身于一个“百年望族”的大官僚地主家庭,因家庭的衰败饱尝人世辛酸,后以坚韧不拔之毅力,历经多年艰辛创作出极具思想性、艺术性的伟大作品《红楼梦》。...

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为官的,家业凋零;富贵的,金银散尽;有恩的,死里逃生;无情的,分明报应;欠命的,命已还;欠泪的,泪已尽:冤冤相报实非轻,分离聚合皆前定。欲知命短问前生...

陋室空堂,当年笏满床;衰草枯杨,曾为歌舞场。蛛丝儿结满雕梁,绿纱今又糊在蓬窗上。说什么脂正浓,粉正香,如何两鬓又成霜?昨日黄土陇头送白骨,今宵红灯帐底...

一帆风雨路三千,把骨肉家园齐来抛闪。恐哭损残年,告爹娘,休把儿悬念。自古穷通皆有定,离合岂无缘?从今分两地,各自保平安。奴去也,莫牵连。

白云堂前春解舞,东风卷得均匀。蜂围蝶阵乱纷纷,几曾随逝水?岂必委芳尘?万缕千丝终不改,任他随聚随分。韶华休笑本无根:好风凭借力,送我上青云。

有眼无珠腹内空,荷花出水喜相逢。梧桐叶落分离别,恩爱夫妻不到冬。——打一用物

桂霭桐阴坐举殇,长安涎口盼重阳。眼前道路无经纬,皮里春秋空黑黄,酒未敌腥还用菊,性防积冷定须姜。于今落釜成何益,月浦空余禾黍香。

开辟鸿蒙,谁为情种?都只为风月情浓。趁着这奈何天、伤怀日、寂寥时,试遣愚衷。因此上,演出这怀金悼玉的《红楼梦》。

蘅芷阶通萝薜门,也宜墙角也宜盆。花因喜洁难寻偶,人为悲秋易断魂。玉烛滴干风里泪,晶帘隔破月中痕。幽情欲向嫦娥诉无奈虚廊夜色昏。

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