野老歌/山农词

野老歌/山农词朗读

老农家贫在山住,耕种山田三四亩。
苗疏税多不得食,输入官仓化为土。
岁暮锄犁傍空室,呼儿登山收橡实。
西江贾客珠百斛,船中养犬长食肉。

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野老歌/山农词译文及注释

野老歌/山农词翻译及注释

翻译
  老翁家贫住在山中,靠耕种三四亩山田为生,田亩少,赋税多,没有吃的。粮食送进官府的仓库,最后腐烂变质,化为泥土,一年到头,家中只剩下锄头、犁耙靠在空房子里面,只好叫儿子上山去拾橡子充饥。从长江西面来的富商的船中,成百上千的珠宝用斛来计量,就连船上养的狗也长年吃肉。

注释
①野老歌;一作《山农词》。这首诗写农民在租税剥削下的悲惨生活,并与富商大贾的奢侈生活对比,反映了不合理会现实。
②橡实:橡树的果实,荒年可充饥。
③西江:今江西九江市一带,是商业繁盛的地方。唐时属江南西道,故称西江。
④斛:量器;是容量单位。古代以十斗为一斛,南宋末年改为五斗。
⑤官仓:指各地官员税收,此指贪官。

野老歌/山农词赏析

  中唐时代,政治黑暗,统治阶级剥削残酷,因此抒写农民疾苦的题材也成为新乐府诗人的一个重要的主题。张籍的《野老歌》,就是写一个农家老夫在高额的苛捐杂税的重压之下,最后过着依靠拾橡实填饱肚皮的生活。即使这样,他还不如当时被称为“贱类”富商的一条狗。张籍通过这样一个人狗对比的悲惨情形,突出表现了农民的痛苦和当时社会的不合理。

  开头两句交代人物身份,运用平叙的手法,叙说一位老农,由于家里贫穷,住在山里面,仅仅耕种贫瘠的山田三四亩。这里要问,老农为什么要住在山里面呢?在我们想来,老农既然家贫,他应该到平地乡村或小镇谋生要容易一些,为啥要到难以耕种的山里去呢?这不禁让我们想起了当时的社会环境。此时社会混乱,统治阶级任意欺压百姓。面对这一切,老农一家逃到深山,这里山高路远,人烟稀少,而官府当差的也不便来此。老农希望住在深山能摆脱这一切。

  然而“纵使深山更深处,也应无计避征徭”。三四两句说得就是这一情况。老农住在山里面,今年的禾河苗长得稀稀疏疏的的,到头来收成也不好。尽管这样,官家的征税多得要命,那差役隔三差五地跑来征税,最后老农家里连自己吃的口粮全没了。老农很痛心哪,他一年辛苦劳作得来的粮食,有的被官家拿去倒入了库仓,甚至有的被白白浪费“化为土”。这在剥削和浪费的行为,和劳动人民的辛苦贫穷的生活形成了鲜明的对比。因此这两句实际反映了劳动人民被剥削的痛苦,也揭露了当时社会的黑暗。

  五六句承上两句,说老农辛苦一年到岁末,家里徒穷四壁,没有几样东西,只有老农辛勤劳动的工具——锄犁还在伴随着他。一个“空”字,说明老农辛苦一年一无所获,另一方面说明剥削阶极把老农剥夺的一无所有。为了种那些粮食,老农早出晚归,辛苦劳作一天,到头来自己还没有吃的。无奈之下,老农“呼儿登山收橡实”,呼儿表明老农已年迈,再加上辛苦劳作一天,已无力再上山采橡实吃。“橡实”,乃一草木果实,本非普通食品,乃劳动人民在饥灾发生时临时充腹之品。老农叫儿子登山收橡实,可谓老农贫饿致极,说明劳动人民最后的可怜结局。

  最后两句作者笔锋一转,说西江做珠宝生意的大贾,船上载的的珠宝很多,足有百斛,他喂养的犬,长的肥肥胖胖的,浑身都是肉。作者运用叙述的手法,没有发表议论,但把两幅对比鲜明的画面摆在了面前,一幅是食不果腹的老农,另一幅是奢靡富裕的大贾喂养的肉犬,更为让人深思的,老农的生活还不如喂养的一条犬,可谓悲凉之极,令人感愤不已。

  全诗运用叙述的手法,给我们呈现出几个老农痛苦的生活的场景。虽然作者没有发表议论,但孕作者的思想于叙述中。全诗的形象对比深刻鲜明,表现了劳动人民的饥苦,反映了不同阶层人的生活,揭露了统治阶级对劳动人民的剥削。

野老歌/山农词读音参考

yě lǎo gē shān nóng cí
野老歌/山农词

lǎo nóng jiā pín zài shān zhù, gēng zhòng shān tián sān sì mǔ.
老农家贫在山住,耕种山田三四亩。
miáo shū shuì duō bù dé shí, shū rù guān cāng huà wéi tǔ.
苗疏税多不得食,输入官仓化为土。
suì mù chú lí bàng kōng shì, hū ér dēng shān shōu xiàng shí.
岁暮锄犁傍空室,呼儿登山收橡实。
xī jiāng gǔ kè zhū bǎi hú, chuán zhōng yǎng quǎn zhǎng shí ròu.
西江贾客珠百斛,船中养犬长食肉。

张籍

张籍(约767~约830),唐代诗人。字文昌,汉族,和州乌江(今安徽和县)人,郡望苏州吴(今江苏苏州)1 。先世移居和州,遂为和州乌江(今安徽和县乌江镇)人。世称“张水部”、“张司业”。张籍的乐府诗与王建齐名,并称“张王乐府”。著名诗篇有《塞下曲》《征妇怨》《采莲曲》《江南曲》。1 《张籍籍贯考辨》认为,韩愈所说的“吴郡张籍”乃谓其郡望,并引《新唐书·张籍传》、《唐诗纪事》、《舆地纪胜》等史传材料,驳苏州之说而定张籍为乌江人。...

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阶上一眼泉,四边青石甃。唯有护净僧,添瓶将盥漱。

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秋风窗下起,旅雁向南飞。日日出门望,家家行客归。无因见边使,空待寄寒衣。独闭青楼暮,烟深鸟雀稀。

洛阳城头火曈曈,乱兵烧我天子宫。宫城南面有深山,尽将老幼藏其间。重岩为屋橡为食,丁男夜行候消息。闻道官军犹掠人,旧里如今归未得。董逃行,汉家几时重太平...

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