外戚世家序

外戚世家序朗读

自古受命帝王及继体守文之君,非独内德茂也,盖亦有外戚之助焉。
夏之兴也以涂山,而桀之放也以末喜。
殷之兴也以有娀,纣之杀也嬖妲己。
周之兴也以姜原及大任,而幽王之禽也淫于褒姒。
故《易》基《乾》《坤》,《诗》始《关雎》,《书》美釐降,《春秋》讥不亲迎。
夫妇之际,人道之大伦也。
礼之用,唯婚姻为兢兢。
夫乐调而四时和,阴阳之变,万物之统也。
可不慎与?人能弘道,无如命何。
甚哉,妃匹之爱,君不能得之于臣,父不能得之于子,况卑不乎!即欢合矣,或不能成子姓;能成子姓矣,或不能要终:岂非命也哉?孔子罕称命,盖难言之也。
非通幽明,恶能识乎性命哉?

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外戚世家序译文及注释

外戚世家序翻译及注释

翻译
  自古以来,受天命的开国帝王和继承正统遵守先帝法度的国君,不只是内在的品德美好,大都也由于有外戚的帮助。夏代的兴起是因为有涂山氏之女,而夏桀的被放逐是由于末喜。殷代的兴起是由于有娀(sōng,松)氏的女子,商纣王的被杀是因为宠爱妲(dá,达)已。周代的兴起是由于有姜原及太任,而幽王的被擒是因为他和褒姒的的淫乱。所以《易经》以《乾》《坤》两卦为基本,《诗经》以《关雎》开篇,《书经》赞美尧把女儿下嫁给舜,《春秋》讥讽娶妻不亲自去迎接。夫妇之间的关系,是人道之中最重大的伦常关系。礼的应用,只有婚姻最为谨慎。乐声协调四时就和顺,阴阳的变化是万物生长变化的统领怎能不慎重呢?人能弘扬人伦之道,可是对天命却无可奈何。确实啊,配偶的亲爱之情,国君不能从大臣那里得到,父亲也不能从儿子那里得到,何况是更卑下的人呢!夫妇欢合之后,有的不能繁育子孙;能繁育子孙了,有的又不能得到好的归宿。这难道不是天命吗?孔子很少谈天命,大概是由于很难说清吧。不能晓阴阳的变化,怎能懂得人性和天命的道理呢?

注释
  ①受命帝王:受命于天的帝王,这里指开国创业的君主。继体:继位。守文:遵守成法。②茂:美好。③外戚:指皇帝之母及后妃的亲族。④涂山:古国(部落)名。这里指涂山氏女。传说禹娶涂山氏之女炎妻,生启,启建立夏朝。⑤放:放逐。夏桀暴虐,宠爱末喜,商汤灭夏,桀被流放于南方。⑥娀(sōng,松):远古氏族名。这里指有娀氏之女简狄。神话传话,简狄吞燕卵有孕,生契,为商的始祖。⑦嬖:宠爱。商纣王宠爱妲己,荒淫暴虐,周武王伐纣,商军倒戈,纣自焚于鹿台。⑧姜原:周始祖后稷之母。原,或作“嫄”。大任:周文王之母。大,同“太”。⑨禽:同“擒”。西周幽王宠爱褒姒,荒淫昏乱,申侯联合犬戎攻周,幽王逃至骊山被杀,褒姒被俘。西周亡。⑩《易》:《易经》。《乾》《坤》:《易经》六十四封的头两封。乾为阳,坤为阴,乾坤象征天地,又象征君臣、父母、夫妻等。所以《乾》《坤》两封是《经》诸封的基础。(11)《诗》:《诗经》。《关雎》:《诗经》的第一篇诗。《毛诗序》认为,这首诗是赞美后妃之德的。(12)《书》:《书经》,又称《尚书》。釐降:下嫁。这句指的是,尧听说舜有贤德,就把两个女儿下嫁给他为妻。(13)《春秋》讥不亲迎:按古代婚礼规定,不论贵族平民,在迎亲时夫婿都应亲自到女家迎娶新娘。鲁隐公二年(前721),国大夫裂到鲁国为其国君迎娶鲁隐公之女。《春秋》的记载是“纪裂来逆女”。《公羊传》认为《春秋》这样记载是“讥始不亲迎也”。逆,迎接。(14)人道:社会的伦理等级关系。(15)兢兢:小心谨慎的样子。(16)调:和谐。古人认为音乐与自然和社会现象有密切的关系,所以这里说“乐调而四时和”。(17)人能弘道:此语出自《论语·卫灵公》。仅,扩大:道,这里指人伦之道。(18)妃(pèi,配)匹:配偶。妃,通“配”。(19)欢合:夫妇的欢爱。(20)成:成熟,收获,引申为繁育。子姓:子孙。(21)要:求,取。终:结局,归宿。(22)幽明:阴阳。(23)恶:哪里,怎么。性命:人的性和天命。

外戚世家序解析

  本文是《史记·外戚世家》的序。《史记》中的外戚指帝王的后妃及其亲族。作者陈述三代的得失,论证后妃对国家治乱的影响。汉代自惠帝时起,后妃、外戚专权反复造成祸乱,因此作者本文是有所指的。但行文吞吞吐吐,大概有不便明言的苦衷。

外戚世家序读音参考

wài qī shì jiā xù
外戚世家序

zì gǔ shòu mìng dì wáng jí jì tǐ shǒu wén zhī jūn, fēi dú nèi dé mào yě, gài yì yǒu wài qī zhī zhù yān.
自古受命帝王及继体守文之君,非独内德茂也,盖亦有外戚之助焉。
xià zhī xìng yě yǐ tú shān, ér jié zhī fàng yě yǐ mò xǐ.
夏之兴也以涂山,而桀之放也以末喜。
yīn zhī xìng yě yǐ yǒu sōng, zhòu zhī shā yě bì dá jǐ.
殷之兴也以有娀,纣之杀也嬖妲己。
zhōu zhī xìng yě yǐ jiāng yuán jí dà rèn, ér yōu wáng zhī qín yě yín yú bāo sì.
周之兴也以姜原及大任,而幽王之禽也淫于褒姒。
gù yì jī gān kūn, shī shǐ guān jū, shū měi lí jiàng, chūn qiū jī bù qīn yíng.
故《易》基《乾》《坤》,《诗》始《关雎》,《书》美釐降,《春秋》讥不亲迎。
fū fù zhī jì, rén dào zhī dà lún yě.
夫妇之际,人道之大伦也。
lǐ zhī yòng, wéi hūn yīn wèi jīng jīng.
礼之用,唯婚姻为兢兢。
fū lè diào ér sì shí hé, yīn yáng zhī biàn, wàn wù zhī tǒng yě.
夫乐调而四时和,阴阳之变,万物之统也。
kě bù shèn yǔ? rén néng hóng dào, wú rú mìng hé.
可不慎与?人能弘道,无如命何。
shén zāi, fēi pǐ zhī ài, jūn bù néng dé zhī yú chén, fù bù néng dé zhī yú zi, kuàng bēi bù hū! jí huān hé yǐ, huò bù néng chéng zi xìng néng chéng zi xìng yǐ, huò bù néng yào zhōng: qǐ fēi mìng yě zāi? kǒng zǐ hǎn chēng mìng, gài nán yán zhī yě.
甚哉,妃匹之爱,君不能得之于臣,父不能得之于子,况卑不乎!即欢合矣,或不能成子姓;能成子姓矣,或不能要终:岂非命也哉?孔子罕称命,盖难言之也。
fēi tōng yōu míng, è néng shí hū xìng mìng zāi?
非通幽明,恶能识乎性命哉?

司马迁

司马迁(前145年-不可考),字子长,夏阳(今陕西韩城南)人,一说龙门(今山西河津)人。西汉史学家、散文家。司马谈之子,任太史令,因替李陵败降之事辩解而受宫刑,后任中书令。发奋继续完成所著史籍,被后世尊称为史迁、太史公、历史之父。司马迁早年受学于孔安国、董仲舒,漫游各地,了解风俗,采集传闻。初任郎中,奉使西南。元封三年(前108)任太史令,继承父业,著述历史。他以其“究天人之际,通古今之变,成一家之言”的史识创作了中国第一部纪传体通史《史记》(原名《太史公书》)。被公认为是中国史书的典范,该书记载了从上古...

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      1. #0 utf8 类