曹邺

曹邺

曹邺,字邺之,桂州(桂林)阳朔人,与晚唐著名诗人刘驾、聂夷中、于濆、邵谒、苏拯齐名,而以曹邺才颖最佳。...(110篇诗文) (1077条名句)

曹邺介绍

曹邺的生平

  曹邺 (816~?)晚唐诗人。字邺之。阳朔人。自小勤奋读书,屡试不第,流寓长安达10年之久。大中四年(850)登进士,旋任齐州(今山东济南)推事、天平节度使幕府掌书记。咸通(860~874)初,调京为太常博士,寻擢祠部郎中、洋州(今陕西洋县)刺史,又升吏部郎中,为官有直声。咸通九年(868)辞归,寓居桂林。平生擅长作诗,尤以五言古诗见称。诗作反映社会现实,体恤民疾,针砭时弊。著有《艺文志》 、《经书题解》及《曹祠部集》。

  曹邺与晚唐著名诗人与刘驾、聂夷中、于濆、邵谒、苏拯齐名,而以曹邺才颖最佳。曹邺曾任郎中,刺史等官职,他的诗多是抒发政治上不得志的感慨,少数是讽刺时政,也有一些山水佳篇。他写下了不少千古名诗,如《官仓鼠》:“官仓老鼠大如斗,见人开仓亦不走。健儿无粮百姓饥,谁遣朝朝入君口。”《怨诗》(四首之一):“手推讴轧车,朝朝暮暮耕。未曾分得谷,空得老农名。”所有的这些诗,对官吏盘剥百姓的讽刺真是入骨三分。

  有《曹祠部诗集》2卷。事迹见《唐诗纪事》、《唐才子传》。

曹邺的籍贯

  曹邺在大中四年(650年)中了进士,惊喜之余,写下了《寄阳朔友人》:“桂林须产千株桂,未解当天影日开,我到月中收得种,为君移向故园栽。”这诗反映了当时广西文化教育的现实,对广西的文化教育事业产生了重要的影响。诗中他希望自己开个头,撒下种子,桂林今后能出更多的人才。

  翻开广西地方志,唐代中进士的第一人是梧州府的李荛臣(632年),由于梧州偏僻,李荛臣对广西的影响并不大,时隔两百余年,才出了第二名进士,这就是桂林府的曹邺。而曹邺之后,临桂人赵观之(855),平南人梁嵩(925)等许多广西人都先后中了状元。清代举人泗城教授王维新在《阳朔道中怀曹邺》一诗中说:“唐代文章原后起,岭西风气实先开。”指曹邺不仅在晚唐全国的诗坛占有重要地位,而且还是广西地区诗风的开创人物。曹邺以前,广西土生土长的文人未见史载,曹邺可以说是广西第一个著名诗人,他与同时代的曹唐(临桂人)一起,对广西地区的文学发展产生了重大影响。

  相传曹邺少时曾在阳朔城北天鹅山下的一个岩洞中读书,这个岩就是现在的读书岩。后人为了纪念他,曾在那里建曹公祠,曹公书院。只可惜祠和书院已废,只有读书岩现在还是阳朔古迹。曹邺曾迁居桂林城北的阜财坊,后迁莺坊。唐末,桂林曾为曹邺建名贤坊,可惜这些胜迹都没能保存到今天。

  曹邺出生山清水秀的阳朔,在阳朔留下了不少描绘山水的诗篇。如《东洲》:

  江城隔水是东洲,浑是金鳌水上浮。万顷碧波分泻去,一洲千古砥中流。

  诗中所说的东洲,又称金鰲洲,在城东漓江中,形状窄长。傍晚,远望它宛如一条金色鰲溯游而上,为阳朔一景。阳朔县城西隅,有屏风山,又称西山,也叫西郞山。曹邺有《西郎山》诗一首:“西郎何事面西方,欲会东郎隔大江。自古明良时一遇,东郎未会恨斜阳。”而城东福利附近,又有一个如同人样,立于其上的小山,与西郎山遥遥相对,叫东郎山,曹邺作诗《东郎山》:“东郎屹立向东方,翘首朝朝候太阳。一片丹心存万古,谁云坐处是遐荒。”诗人借景抒怀抒发了被迫隐退,明君良臣不能常得的感慨,表现了诗人虽身处遐荒之地,仍丹心系念国事的高尚情操。

  桂林阳朔(今属广西)人。大中四年 (850)进士。曾为天平节度使掌书记。迁太常博士,历祠部、吏部郎中,仕至洋州刺史。

  曹邺和于□、刘驾等在创作中都致力于古诗和乐府,反对当时拘守声律和轻浮艳丽的诗风。他的诗广泛反映社会现实和人民疾苦。如《捕鱼谣》:“天子好征战,百姓不种桑;天子好年少,无人荐冯唐;天子好美女,夫妇不成双。”对最高统治者予以大胆的谴责和讽刺。《官仓鼠》:“官仓老鼠大如斗,见人开仓亦不走。健儿无粮百姓饥,谁遣朝朝入君口?”不啻为贪官污吏写照。又如《筑城》:“呜呜啄人鸦,轧轧上城车,力尽土不尽,得归亦无家。”写出沉重徭役使农民家破人亡的惨状。他的诗质朴洗炼,多采用民间口语,有些接近谣谚,而笔锋锐利,富有战斗性。

曹邺的文学成就

  清代举人泗城教授王维新在《阳朔道中怀曹邺》一诗中说:“唐代文章原后起,岭西风气实先开。”指曹邺不仅在晚唐全国的诗坛占有重要地位,而且还是广西地区诗风的开创人物。曹邺以前,广西土生土长的文人未见史载,曹邺可以说是广西第一个著名诗人,他与同时代的曹唐(临桂人)一起,对广西地区的文学发展产生了重大影响。

  曹邺和于□、刘驾等在创作中都致力于古诗和乐府,反对当时拘守声律和轻浮艳丽的诗风。他的诗广泛反映社会现实和人民疾苦。如《捕鱼谣》:“天子好征战,百姓不种桑;天子好年少,无人荐冯唐;天子好美女,夫妇不成双。”对最高统治者予以大胆的谴责和讽刺。《官仓鼠》:“官仓老鼠大如斗,见人开仓亦不走。健儿无粮百姓饥,谁遣朝朝入君口?”不啻为贪官污吏写照。又如《筑城》:“呜呜啄人鸦,轧轧上城车,力尽土不尽,得归亦无家。”写出沉重徭役使农民家破人亡的惨状。他的诗质朴洗炼,多采用民间口语,有些接近谣谚,而笔锋锐利,富有战斗性。

妾颜与日改,君心与日新。三年得一书,犹在湘之滨。料君相轻意,知妾无至亲。况当受明礼,不合再嫁人。愿君从此日,化质为妾身。

嵇康、吕安连罪赋此诗,邺纪李御史甘死封之事。繁霜作阴起,朱火乘夕发。清昼冷无光,兰膏坐销歇。惟公执天宪,身是台中杰。一逐楚大夫,何人为君雪?匆匆鬼方路,不许辞双阙。过门似他乡,举趾如遗辙。八月黄草生,洪涛入云热。危魂没太行,客吊空骨节。千年瘴江水,恨声流不

歧路不在天,十年行不至。一旦公道开,青云在平地。枕上数声鼓,衡门已如市。白日探得珠,不待骊龙睡。匆匆出九衢,僮仆颜色异。故衣未及换,尚有去年泪。晴阳照花影,落絮浮野翠。对酒时忽惊,犹疑梦中事。自怜孤飞鸟,得接鸾凤翅。永怀共济心,莫起胡越意。

剪妾身上巾,赠郎伤妾神。郎车不暂停,妾貌宁长春?青天无停云,沧海无停津。遣妾空床梦,夜夜随车轮。

扫叶煎茶摘叶书,心闲无梦夜窗虚。只应光武恩波晚,岂是严君恋钓鱼。

常闻贫贱夫,头白终相待。自从嫁黔娄,终岁长不在。君梦有双影,妾梦空四邻。常思劲北风,吹折双车轮。

楚水洪无际,沧茫接天涯。相看不能语,独鸟下江蓠。蓬子悉有恋,蓬根却无期。车轮自不住,何必怨路岐。孟冬衣食薄,梦寐亦未遗。

万里一孤舟,春行夏方到。骨肉尽单羸,沉忧满怀抱。羁孤相对泣,性命不相保。开户山鼠惊,虫声乱秋草。白菌缘屋生,黄蒿拥篱倒。对此起长嗟,芳年亦须老。恩门为宰相,出入用天道。忽于摧落间,收得青松操。全家到江陵,屋虚风浩浩。中肠自相伐,日夕如寇盗。其下有孤侄,其上

游子想万里,何必登高台。闻君燕女吟,如自蓟北来。长安高盖多,健马东西街。尽说蒿簪古,将钱买金钗。我祖西园事,言之独伤怀。如今数君子,如鸟无树栖。济水一入河,便与清流乖。闻君欲自持,勿使吾道低。

曾于清海独闻蝉,又向空庭夜听泉。不似斋堂人静处,秋声长在七条弦。

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