元稹

元稹(779年-831年,或唐代宗大历十四年至文宗大和五年),字微之,别字威明,唐洛阳人(今河南洛阳)。父元宽,母郑氏。为北魏宗室鲜卑族拓跋部后裔,是什翼犍之十四世孙。早年和白居易共同提倡“新乐府”。世人常把他和白居易并称“元白”。(12336条名句) (645篇诗文)

元稹介绍

元稹的情感世界

  元稹为人刚直不阿,情感真挚,和白居易是一对好友。白居易这样评价元稹“所得惟元君,乃知定交难”,并说他们之间的友谊是“一为同心友,三及芳岁阑。花下鞍马游,雪中杯酒欢。衡门相逢迎,不具带与冠。春风日高睡,秋月夜深看。不为同登科,不为同署官。所合在方寸,心源无异端。”而元稹对白居易关心,更凝结成了千古名篇《闻乐天授江州司马》。

  除了流芳千年的“元白之谊”,元稹和妻子韦丛的半缘情深也为人津津乐道。

  唐德宗贞元十八年(802年),太子少保韦夏卿的小女儿年芳20的韦丛下嫁给24岁的诗人元稹。此时的元稹仅仅是秘书省校书郎。韦夏卿出于什么原因同意这门亲事,已然无从考证了,但出身高门的韦丛并不势利贪婪,没有嫌弃元稹。相反,她勤俭持家,任劳任怨,和元稹的生活虽不宽裕,却也温馨甜蜜。可是造化弄人,唐宪宗元和四年(809年),韦丛因病去世,年仅27岁。此时的31岁的元稹已升任监察御史,幸福的生活就要开始,爱妻却驾鹤西去,诗人无比悲痛,写下了一系列的悼亡诗。最著名就是:

  《离思五首》【其四】

  曾经沧海难为水,除却巫山不是云。取次花丛懒回顾,半缘修道半缘君。

  用世间至大至美的形象来表达对亡妻的无限怀念,任何女子都不能取代韦丛。

  《遣悲怀三首》【其二】

  昔日戏言身后意,今朝都到眼前来。

  衣裳已施行看尽,针线犹存未忍开。

  尚想旧情怜婢仆,也曾因梦送钱财。

  诚知此恨人人有,贫贱夫妻百事哀。

  《遣悲怀三首》作于韦丛去世后两年。虽然就在同年,元稹即在江陵府纳了妾,有些言行不一,但是他对韦丛的感情是真挚的。我们不能用王维终不再娶的标准来衡量每个人。

  是的,也许我们无法像元白那样风雅相深,但可以学习他们的患难与共;也许我们无法拥有像韦丛一样的贴心爱人,但可以像他们一样去关心身边的人。

元稹的生平

  元稹(zhěn)字微之,又字威明,唐代诗人。8岁丧父,母郑贤能文,亲授书传。15岁以明两经擢第,21岁初仕河中府,25岁与白居易同科及第,并结为终生诗友。元稹登平判科(旧称元稹登书判拔萃科,有误)[2],授秘书省校书郎。28岁列才识兼茂明于体用科第一名,授左拾遗。举明经书判入等,补校书郎。元和初,应制策第一。元和四年(809年)为监察御史。因触犯宦官权贵,次年贬江陵府士曹参军。后历通州(今四川达州市)司马、虢州长史。元和十四年任膳部员外郎。次年靠宦官崔潭峻援引,擢祠部郎中、知制诰,为时论所非。长庆元年(821年)迁中书舍人,充翰林院承旨。次年,居相位三月,出为同州刺史、浙东观察使。大和三年(829年)为尚书左丞,五年,逝于武昌军节度使任上。年五十三卒,赠尚书右仆射。元稹是新乐府运动的倡导者和中坚力量,与白居易齐名,世称“元白”,诗作号为“元和体”。其诗辞浅意哀,仿佛孤凤悲吟,极为扣人心扉,动人肺腑。元稹的创作,以诗成就最大。其乐府诗创作,多受张籍、王建的影响,而其“新题乐府”则直接缘于李绅。作有传奇《莺莺传》,又名《会真记》,为后来《西厢记》故事所由。有《元氏长庆集》60卷,补遗6卷,存诗八百三十多余首,收录诗赋、诏册、铭谏、论议等共100 卷。

元稹的创作风格

  他非常推崇杜诗,其诗学杜而能变杜,并于平浅明快中呈现丽绝华美,色彩浓烈,铺叙曲折,细节刻画真切动人,比兴手法富于情趣。乐府诗在元诗中占有重要地位,他的《和李校书新题乐府十二首并序》“取其病时之尤急者”,启发了白居易创作新乐府,且具有一定的现实意义。缺点是主题不够集中,形象不够鲜明。和刘猛、李余《古乐府诗》的古题乐府19首,则能借古题而创新词新义,主题深刻,描写集中,表现有力。长篇叙事诗《连昌宫词》,在元集中也列为乐府类,旨含讽谕,和《长恨歌》齐名。其铺叙详密,优美自然。元诗中最具特色的是艳诗和悼亡诗。他擅写男女爱情,描述细致生动,不同一般艳诗的泛描。悼亡诗为纪念其妻韦丛而作,《遣悲怀三首》流传最广。 在诗歌形式上,元稹是“次韵相酬”的创始者。《酬翰林白学士〈代书一百韵〉》、《酬乐天〈东南行诗一百韵〉》,均依次重用白诗原韵,韵同而意殊。这种“次韵相酬”的做法,在当时影响很大,也很容易产生流弊。元稹在散文和传奇方面也有一定成就。他首创以古文制诰,格高词美,为人效仿。其传奇《莺莺传》(又名《会真记》)叙述张生与崔莺莺的爱情悲剧故事,文笔优美,刻画细致,为唐人传奇中之名篇。后世戏曲作者以其故事人物创作出许多戏曲,如金代董解元《西厢记诸宫调》和元代王实甫《西厢记》等。元稹曾自编其诗集、文集、与友人合集多种。其本集《元氏长庆集》收录诗赋、诏册、铭谏、论议等共100卷。事迹见新、旧《唐书》本传。今人陈寅恪有《元白诗笺证稿》,卞孝萱有《元稹年谱》,周相录校有《元稹集校注》,冀勤有《元稹集》。

“陆通歌凤也无端”出自唐代元稹的《放言五首》,诗句共7个字,诗句拼音为:lù tōng gē fèng yě wú duān,诗句平仄:仄平平仄仄平平。

“闲读道书慵未起”出自唐代元稹的《离思五首》,诗句共7个字,诗句拼音为:xián dú dào shū yōng wèi qǐ,诗句平仄:平平仄平平仄仄。

“五斗解酲犹恨少”出自唐代元稹的《放言五首》,诗句共7个字,诗句拼音为:wǔ dǒu jiě chéng yóu hèn shǎo,诗句平仄:仄仄仄平平仄仄。

“傥化江鱼掉锦鳞”出自唐代元稹的《放言五首》,诗句共7个字,诗句拼音为:tǎng huà jiāng yú diào jǐn lín,诗句平仄:仄仄平平仄仄平。

“十分飞盏未嫌多”出自唐代元稹的《放言五首》,诗句共7个字,诗句拼音为:shí fēn fēi zhǎn wèi xián duō,诗句平仄:平平平仄仄平平。

“必若乖龙在诸处”出自唐代元稹的《放言五首》,诗句共7个字,诗句拼音为:bì ruò guāi lóng zài zhū chù,诗句平仄:仄仄平平仄平仄。

“数度登朝何处荣”出自唐代元稹的《放言五首》,诗句共7个字,诗句拼音为:shù dù dēng cháo hé chǔ róng,诗句平仄:仄仄平平平仄平。

“近来逢酒便高歌”出自唐代元稹的《放言五首》,诗句共7个字,诗句拼音为:jìn lái féng jiǔ biàn gāo gē,诗句平仄:仄平平仄仄平平。

“死是等闲生也得”出自唐代元稹的《放言五首》,诗句共7个字,诗句拼音为:sǐ shì děng xián shēng yě de,诗句平仄:仄仄仄平平仄。

“可怜和叶度残春”出自唐代元稹的《离思五首》,诗句共7个字,诗句拼音为:kě lián hé yè dù cán chūn,诗句平仄:仄平平仄仄平平。

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