林逋

林逋(967一1028)字君复,汉族,浙江大里黄贤村人(一说杭州钱塘)。幼时刻苦好学,通晓经史百家。书载性孤高自好,喜恬淡,勿趋荣利。长大后,曾漫游江淮间,后隐居杭州西湖,结庐孤山。常驾小舟遍游西湖诸寺庙,与高僧诗友相往还。每逢客至,叫门童子纵鹤放飞,林逋见鹤必棹舟归来。作诗随就随弃,从不留存。1028年(天圣六年)卒。其侄林彰(朝散大夫)、林彬(盈州令)同至杭州,治丧尽礼。宋仁宗赐谥“和靖先生”。(2217条名句) (329篇诗文)

林逋介绍

林逋的生平

  林逋(bu一声)被后人称为和靖先生,北宋初年著名隐逸诗人。林逋家谱载,自五代始,世居福建长乐,传至11世,钘、钏、镮、釴兄弟4人迁居奉化、象山,林逋父釴定居大里黄贤村(今奉化市裘村镇黄贤村)。逋系林氏第12世孙,故宅在奉化大脉岙口(今大茅岙)。一说杭州钱塘(今浙江杭州)人。

  少孤力学,好古,通经史百家。书载性孤高自好,喜恬淡,自甘贫困,勿趋荣利。及长,漫游江淮,40余岁后隐居杭州西湖,结庐孤山。常驾小舟遍游西湖诸寺庙,与高僧诗友相往还。以湖山为伴,相传20余年足不及城市,以布衣终身。每逢客至,叫门童子纵鹤放飞,林逋见鹤必棹舟归来。丞相王随、杭州郡守薛映均敬其为人,又爱其诗,时趋孤山与之唱和,并出俸银为之重建新宅。与范仲淹、梅尧臣有诗唱和。

  大中祥符五年(1012),真宗闻其名,赐粟帛,并诏告府县存恤之。逋虽感激,但不以此骄人。人多劝其出仕,均被婉言谢绝同,自谓:“然吾志之所适,非室家也,非功名富贵也,只觉青山绿水与我情相宜。”林逋终生不仕不娶,无子,惟喜植梅养鹤,自谓 “以梅为妻,以鹤为子”,人称“梅妻鹤子”。

  既老,自为墓于庐侧,作诗云:“湖上青山对结庐,坟前修竹亦萧疏。茂陵他日求遗稿,犹喜曾无封禅书。”作诗随就随弃,从不留存。有人问:“何不录以示后世?”答曰:“我方晦迹林壑,且不欲以诗名一时,况后世乎?”有心人窃记之,得300余首传世。

  天圣六年(1028)卒,年六十一,其侄林彰(朝散大夫)、林彬(盈州令)同至杭州,治丧尽礼。州为上闻,仁宗嗟悼,赐谥“和靖先生”,葬孤山故庐侧。事见《宋史》卷四五七《隐逸传》。宋代桑世昌著有《林逋传》。

  今存词三首,诗三百余首。后人辑有《林和靖先生诗集》四卷,其中《将归四明夜话别任君》、《送丁秀才归四明》等为思乡之作。故宫绘画馆藏有所书诗卷。

  张岱在《西湖梦寻》说,南宋灭亡后,有盗墓贼挖开林逋的坟墓,只找到一个端砚和一支玉簪。现在杭州西湖孤山面对北山路一侧,仍有“放鹤亭”和“林和靖先生墓”,便是纪念林和靖的景胜。

林逋的成就

  林逋,善绘事,惜画从不传。工行草,书法瘦挺劲健,笔意类欧阳询、李建中而清劲处尤妙。长为诗,其语孤峭浃澹,自写胸意,多奇句,而未尝存稿。风格澄澈淡远,多写西湖的优美景色,反映隐逸生活和闲适情趣。如七律《孤山寺端上人房写望》一诗,清冷幽静,闲淡浑远,是其诗风的典型体现。《山园小梅》诗中“疏影横斜水清浅,暗香浮动月黄昏”两句,成功地描绘出梅花清幽香逸的风姿,被誉为千古咏梅绝唱。陆游谓其书法高绝胜人。苏轼高度赞扬林逋之诗、书及人品,并诗跋其书:“诗如东野(孟郊)不言寒,书似留台(李建中)差少肉。”黄庭坚云:“君复书法高胜绝人,予每见之,方病不药而愈,方饥不食而饱。”明沈周诗云:“我爱翁书得瘦硬,云腴濯尽西湖绿。西台少肉是真评,数行清莹含冰玉。宛然风节溢其间,此字此翁俱绝俗。”。林逋书法存世作品仅3件,《自书诗帖》是其中篇幅最长者。

“清深趣有余”出自宋代林逋的《小隐自题》,诗句共5个字,诗句拼音为:qīng shēn qù yǒu yú,诗句平仄:平平仄仄平。

“屋檐斜入一枝低”出自宋代林逋的《梅花》,诗句共7个字,诗句拼音为:wū yán xié rù yī zhī dī,诗句平仄:平平平仄平平平。

“小园烟景正凄迷”出自宋代林逋的《梅花》,诗句共7个字,诗句拼音为:xiǎo yuán yān jǐng zhèng qī mí,诗句平仄:仄平平仄仄平平。

“阵阵寒香压麝脐”出自宋代林逋的《梅花》,诗句共7个字,诗句拼音为:zhèn zhèn hán xiāng yā shè qí,诗句平仄:仄仄平平平仄平。

“画工空向閒时看”出自宋代林逋的《梅花》,诗句共7个字,诗句拼音为:huà gōng kōng xiàng xián shí kàn,诗句平仄:仄平平仄平平仄。

“竹烟杉籁满萧斋”出自宋代林逋的《秋怀》,诗句共7个字,诗句拼音为:zhú yān shān lài mǎn xiāo zhāi,诗句平仄:平平平仄仄平平。

“先甘衰落归双髩”出自宋代林逋的《秋怀》,诗句共7个字,诗句拼音为:xiān gān shuāi luò guī shuāng bìn,诗句平仄:平平平仄平平仄。

“凉沈欲睡何妨纵”出自宋代林逋的《秋怀》,诗句共7个字,诗句拼音为:liáng shěn yù shuì hé fáng zòng,诗句平仄:平仄仄仄平平仄。

“冷落犹嫌俗客看”出自宋代林逋的《山园小梅》,诗句共7个字,诗句拼音为:lěng luò yóu xián sú kè kàn,诗句平仄:仄仄平平平仄仄。

“傲吏齐来梦亦荣”出自宋代林逋的《蝶》,诗句共7个字,诗句拼音为:ào lì qí lái mèng yì róng,诗句平仄:仄仄平平仄仄平。

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